连续2年施用鸡粪有机肥对土壤和小麦锌积累的影响

Effects of Continuous Application of Organic Chicken Manure on Soil Zn Accumulation and Zn Uptake by Wheat

为了安全合理地利用集约化养殖场的畜禽粪便有机肥,本研究通过田间小区定位试验,研究了连续2年施用高Zn的鸡粪有机肥对土壤和小麦植株Zn积累的影响。结果表明：高Zn鸡粪有机肥施用量为60 t/hm^2连续施用2年后,土壤重金属Zn含量未超过国家二级标准300 mg/kg（p H〉7.5）。随着鸡粪有机肥施用量的增加,连续2年土壤全Zn、有效Zn含量和小麦籽粒Zn含量均趋于明显上升趋势。与第1年施用鸡粪有机肥相比,第2年施用鸡粪有机肥的处理土壤全Zn含量增加1.39%～70.79%,土壤有效Zn含量增加35.37%～66.25%。鸡粪施用量〉30 t/hm^2时较施用化肥的处理小麦籽粒Zn含量差异达到显著水平。鸡粪施用量为60 t/hm^2的处理,第2年比第1年施用有机肥小麦秸秆和籽粒Zn含量分别升高了14.75%和2.74%。随着土壤全Zn含量的增加,小麦籽粒Zn含量也趋于上升趋势。土壤全Zn与小麦籽粒Zn含量的关系呈显著的线性相关关系。土壤中全Zn的含量达到国家规定的二级土壤标准时,第1年和第2年施用鸡粪的小麦籽粒Zn含量分别为93.21 mg/kg和100.37 mg/kg。

To safely and reasonably use livestock and poultry manures from intensive farming,the fieldexperiment was carried out to study the effects of organic chicken manure application for 2 consecutive yearson soil Zn accumulation and wheat Zn uptake.The results showed that after application of 60 t/hm^2 high Znchicken manure organic fertilizer for 2-consecutive years,soil Zn content was not surpass the Second ChineseEnvironmental Quality Standard for soils（GB15618-1995）（p H〉7.5,Zn≤300 mg/kg）.The total Zn,availableZn contents of soil and Zn content in wheat grain increased significantly with the increasing amounts of theorganic chicken manure for 2-consecutive years.Compared with first year of organic chicken manure,thetreatment of organic chicken manure application for second year the soil total Zn content increased 1.39%-70.79%,soil available Zn content increased 35.37%-66.25%.There was a significant difference in Zn contentin the grain of wheat between control and treatments above 30 t/hm^2.When organic chicken manure applicationamount was 60 t/hm^2,the treatment of organic chicken manure application for second year Zn content of wheatstraw and grain increased by 14.75% and 2.74% than for first year.Along with the increasing of total Zncontent of soil,Zn content in wheat grain increased significantly.The relationship between the amounts of thecontents of soil total Zn and wheat grain Zn could be simulated by mathematic curve for 2 consecutive years.Test results suggested that both correlative coefficient attained very significant level.When the soil Zn contentwould not surpass the Second Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for soils,for first and second year ofchicken manure application,Zn content in wheat grain were 93.21 mg/kg and 100.37 mg/kg,respectively.