三种大豆种子贮藏蛋白亚基缺失种质的筛选与鉴定

Screening and Identification of Three Types of Soybean Lines Lacking Different Seed Storage Protein Subunits

蛋白质组分改良是国内外大豆蛋白质品质育种的研究热点之一。大豆种子贮藏蛋白主要包括11S球蛋白和7Sβ-伴大豆球蛋白,它们也是大豆蛋白营养价值和功能特性的决定组分。利用我国自然突变产生的亚基缺失体材料通过聚合育种,并经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（SDS-PAGE）分析鉴定表明：已获得A3＋α’亚基缺失、只含有β亚基、只含有α＋β亚基、只含有α’＋β亚基、只含有7S亚基和A5A4B3亚基缺失、A2A1aA1b含量极低、B1aB1bB2含量极低等系列单缺、双缺、多缺的贮藏蛋白亚基组成类型新种质,其中A3＋α’亚基缺失、只含有α＋β亚基、只含有7S亚基3种种质均能正常生长、结实,并稳定遗传;只含7S亚基类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白的7S组分总量含量最高;A3＋α’亚基缺失类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白11S组分总含量最高;在11S＋7S组分总量上由高到低依次是A3＋α’亚基缺失类型〉只含7S亚基类型〉只含α＋β亚基类型;11S/7S比值的变异范围在0.14-1.27。三种类型种质完熟期基本在105-111 d;百粒重基本一致;A3＋α’亚基缺失类型大豆单株产量最高平均为55.12 g;只含α＋β亚基类型蛋脂总量最低为57.6%,蛋白质含量由高到低依次为只含7S亚基类型、A3＋α’亚基缺失类型、只含α＋β亚基类型,脂肪含量由高到低依次为：只含α＋β亚基类型、只含7S亚基类型、A3＋α’亚基缺失类型。

Improvement of protein components is one of the hotspots in the protein quality breeding of soybean. Soybean seed storage proteins mainly consist of 11 S globulin and 7S β-conglycinin. They determine the nutritional value and functional properties of soy proteins. In the present study,natural mutants of subunit deficiency were used through pyramiding breeding to produce new deficiency types. After screening with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（ SDS-PAGE）,lines lacking A3＋ α＇subunits,lines only containing β subunit,lines only containing α ＋ β subunits,lines only containing α＇ ＋ β subunits,lines only containing 7S subunits,lines lacking A5A4B3 subunits,lines with the lower level of A2A1aA1 bsubunit and lines with the lower level of B1aB1bB2 subunit,etc,were obtained. The lines lacking A3＋ α＇ subunits,containing only α＇ ＋ β subunits,and containing 7S subunits could normally grow and develop as well as were stably inherited. The lines containing only 7S subunits had the highest amount of total 7S while the lines lacking A3＋ α＇ subunits possessed the highest level of 11 S. The variation range for the 11 S /7S ratio in the three new types was between 0. 14 and 1. 27,while their growth period was between 105 and111 d. All the three new types had almost the same hundred-grain weight. The lines lack of A3＋ α＇ subunits had the highest yield per plant of 55. 12 g. The lines containing only α ＋ β subunits had the lowest amount of protein and oil（ 57. 6%）. The order of protein contents of the lines were as follows： lines containing 7S subunits lines lacking A3＋ α＇ subunits lines containing only α ＋ β subunits. The order of fat content was as follows： lines containing only α ＋ β subunits lines containing only7 S subunits lines lacking A3＋ α＇ subunits.