1liuc D,Nguyen ND,Milch VE,et al.Mortality risk associated with low trauma os-teoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women[J].JAMA,2009,301(5):513-521.
3National Osteoporosis Foundation Guide Committee.A revised clinician's guide tothe prevention and treatment of osteoporosis[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2008,93:2463-2465.
4IKanis JA,Johansson H,Oden A,et al.Assessment of fracture risk[J].OsteoporosInt,2011:453-461.
5Kanis JA,Borgstrom F,De Laet C,et al.Assessment of fracture risk[J].Osteopo-ros Int,2005,16(5):581-589.
6Burke-Doe A,Hudson A,Werth H,et al.Knowledge of osteoporosis risk factorsand prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis,fall,fracture in functionally independentolder adults[J].Geriatric Physical Therapy,2008,31(1):11-17.
7Gates StFisher JD,Cooke MW,et al.MuItifactoriaJ Assessment and Targeted In-tervention for Preventing Falls and Injuries among Older People in Community and E-mergency Care Settings:Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.BMJ,2008,19(1):130-133.
8Gallagher JC,Rapuri P,Smith L.Falls are associated with decreased renal func-tion and insufficient calcitriol production by the kidney.Journal of Steroid Biochemis-try &Molecular Biology,2007(103):610-613.
10Jarvinen T, Sievanen H,Khen KU,et al.Shifting the focus in fracture preven-tion from osteoporosis to falls[J].BMJ,2008;336(7636):124-6.
二级参考文献18
1Oliver D, Britton M, Martin FC ,et al. Development and evaluation of evidence-based risk assessment tool(stratify) to predict which elderly inpatients will fall:case-control and cohort studies[J]. Br Med J, 1997 ;315 (7115) : 1049-53.
2Fuller GF. Falls in the elderly[ J]. Am Fam Phys,2000;61 (7) :2159- 66.
3Hendrie D, Hall SE, Arena G, et al. Health system costs of falls of older alduts in Western Australia[J]. Aust Health Rev,2004;28(3) :363-73.
4Runge M. Diagnosis of the risk of accidental falls in the elderly[ J]. Ther Umsch, 2002 ;59 : 351-8.
5Kannus P,Parkkari J,Niemi S,et al. Prevention of hip fracture in elderly people with use of a hip protector [ J ]. N Engl J Med, 2000;343 (21) : 1506-13.
6Kallin K,Jensen J,Olsson LL,et al. Why the eldly fall in residential care facilities and suggested remedies[ J ]. J Fam Pract,2004 ;53:41-52.
7Kempton A, Van Beurden E, Sladden T, et al. Older people can stay on their feet: final results of a community-based falls prevention program [ J ]. Health Promot lnt,2000; 15 (1) :27-33.
8McConvey J, Bennett SE. Reliability of the dynamic gait index in individuals with multiple sclerosis [ J ]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2005 ; 86 ( 1 ) : 130 -3.
9Newton RA. Validity of the multi-directional reach test:a practical measure for limits of stability in older adults [ J ]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,2001 ;56(4) :248-52.
10Vellas BJ,Wayne S J,Romero L,et al. One-leg balance is an important predictor of injurious falls in older persons [ J ]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1997 ; 45(6) :735-8.
