基于粒子群算法的太阳能热水器倾角优化设计

Designing the Angle of Solar Water Heater Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

研究了带有辅助电加热的太阳能热水器的最优安装角度.对于真空管下方不带反射镜的热水器,通过分析其倾角和方向角与每天吸收的光能以及电加热器的耗电量之间的关系,将电加热器全年的用电量最小作为优化目标,解得最佳的安装倾角和方向角;对于带有反射镜的太阳能热水器,采用临界法并结合几何知识,求出真空管背面吸收的太阳能.基于粒子群算法计算得到山西省大同市不带反射镜的太阳能热水器的最佳安装倾角为53.49°,方向角为10.26°,用电量为149.80度;带有反射镜的太阳能热水器的最佳安装倾角为49.32°,方向角为10.33°,用电量为50,16度.结果说明带反射镜的太阳能热水器具有明显的节能效果.比较发现基于粒子群算法求得的两种情况下的用电量比应用两阶段搜索法求得的用电量分别减少了6.60度和8.59度.

This paper studies the installation of the solar water heater with an auxiliary electrical heating. For the solar water heater without reflector, we analyze relationship of the energy consumption of the electric heater, the inclination angle and direction of the solar water heater. Regarding the annual minimum power consumption of the electric heater as the optimization objective, we find out the best inclination angle and direction by solving the model. For the solar water heater with reflectors, we use the critical method combined with Geometry to find the increased solar energy. For the solar water heater in Datong, Shanxi, we get the result based on the particle swarm optimization （PSO） as follows： The best inclination angle of the water heater without reflector is 53.49°, the best direction angle is 10.26°and the power consumption is 149.80 kilowatt-hour. The best inclination angle of the water heater with reflectors is 49.32 °, the best direction angle is 10.33 °and the power consumption is 50.16 kilowatt-hour. The result shows that the solar water heater with reflector has obvious energy saving effect. By comparison, we find out that the obtained power consumption based on the PSO in both cases is decreased 6.60 kilowatt-hour and 8.59 kilowatt-hour respectively than by the two-stage search method.