“微”词族的形成轨迹及语义演变

The Forming Process and Semantic Evolution of the ‘Micro-'Word Family

2009年"微博"登陆中国以来,"微××"格式迅速在网络上流行,形成了一个新词家族——"微"词族。本研究基于网络检索的183个"微"族词,寻绎"微"词族的形成轨迹和词素"微"的语义演变特点。基于语义偏离规则,词素"微"被赋予新的语义和色彩;基于"方式化……泛指化……抽象化"的语义—功能类别化,词素"微"演化为具有极大能产性的词缀;基于与复音词的组合,"微"族词趋于词音结构三音节化。在主体需求和语言机制的合力中,"微"族词迅速流行,"微"词族日益壮大。

Since microblog swept China in 2009,the ＂micro-＂format has gained rapid popularity,and a new word family has appeared,the ＂micro-＂word family. Based on 183 ＂micro-＂words retrieved on the internet,the paper discusses the forming process and the semantic evolution of the morpheme ＂ micro＂. According to the rule of semantic deviation,the morpheme ＂micro ＂is endowed with new meanings; under the semanticfunction classification such as stereotyping,generalizing and abstracting,the morpheme transforms into a powerful affix in word formulation; and through coalition with disyllabicwords,＂micro-＂words tend to have tri-syllables. It is with the joint efforts of subjective needs and linguistic mechanism that the ＂micro-＂ word family grows quickly with increasing popularity.