长春市降雨特征及雨型分析研究

Study of Rainfall Characteristics and Pattern in Changchun City

随着城市建设的快速发展、排水排涝设计要求的提高,对城市降雨特征及雨型的研究越来越重要。对长春市降雨时空变化及短历时年最大降雨量变化趋势进行了分析。同时针对城市雨水系统的设计应用,采用芝加哥雨型及Pilgrim&Cordery雨型设计方法,设计暴雨历时选取60、120、180 min,进行了设计暴雨时程分配雨型的分析。结果表明:长春市1953年—2012年60、120 min短历时降雨增加趋势平缓,180 min短历时降雨增加趋势明显。2007年—2011年长春局部地区年降雨距平百分比的均值均为正值,中心城区的吉林大路及南湖气象站地区都位于城市降雨中心区,年降雨量远高于其他地区,城市雨岛效应明显,且雨峰位置出现均较靠前。

Along with the high-speed development of city construction and the improvement o2 me design standard of drainage, the study of rainfall characteristics and pattern is becoming more and more important. The trend of space and time changes of rainfall, and the max of short duration annual precipitation were analyzed. To address the problems of the design and application of urban stormwater system, the rainfall durations of 60 min, 120 min and 180 min were selected to analyze the distribution of storm- water by Keifer and Chu method and Pilgrim and Cordery method. The results showed that the rainfall durations of 60 and 120 rnin were increased slightly, while the rainfall duration of 180 min was increased obviously from 1953 to 2012. The precipitation anomaly percentage in Changchun local areas from 2007 to 2011 were all positive. The central city areas such as Jilin Road and South Lake meteorological station are located in the center of rainfall district, and their annual rainfalls were far higher than other areas. The urban rain island effect was obvious, and the rain peak all appeared close to the front.