高速列车头型拓扑结构对气动力的作用规律研究

Study of Influence Laws between Topology Structure of High-speed Train Head and Aerodynamic Force

为了得到高速列车头型关键设计部位的拓扑结构对列车气动性能的作用规律,减少头型概念设计时的盲目性,本文以数值模拟和正交试验设计为分析工具,研究高速列车头型的长度、纵剖面型线、水平剖面型线、排障器外形、司机室玻璃形状和车体横截面形状对列车气动阻力和尾车气动升力的影响。将头型的6个设计部位均划分为5种不同的拓扑类型,研究各设计部位拓扑结构的变化对列车气动性能的影响,选取3个影响度最大的设计部位,通过有交互作用的正交表分析不同部位拓扑结构的耦合作用对列车气动性能的影响。得到列车头型各主要设计部位的拓扑结构对列车气动性能的作用规律,给出针对不同气动指标进行头型设计时的合理拓扑结构。

In order to obtain the influence laws between the topology structure of key design parts of high-speed trains（HST）and the aerodynamic performance of HST and to reduce the aimlessness in the concept design of head shape,the numerical simulation method and the orthogonal experimental design are adopted to study the influence of six design parts,such as the length of streamlined part,the type of longitudinal line and horizontal line,the cowcatcher shape,the cab glass shape and the type of cross-sectional line,on the aerodynamic drag of HST and the lift force of the trailing car.In this paper,the six design parts are divided into five different topology categories,and the independent influence of topological change of every design part on the aerodynamic performance of the train is discussed.Subsequently,three design parts that have a great effect on the aerodynamic performance of HST are selected to study the dependent influence of the topology structures of different parts on the aerodynamic performance of HST with the orthogonal table that considers the interaction.As a result,the law of topological structures of major design parts of the train head shape on the aerodynamic performance of HST is derived and the reasonable topological structures are presented for head shape design in line with different aerodynamic indexes.