日本国际外包业的发展及对中国的影响

Development of Outsourcing in Japan and the Impact on China

受国内居高不下的工资水平和生产成本的制约,日本各行业需要将低附加值的生产工序外包给发展中国家,而将核心的研发和服务环节留在国内,从而长期占据高端制造业大国的优势地位。因此,对于日本各行业的国际外包水平的分析和测算具有较高的研究价值。利用Feenstra和Hanson的研究方法,结合日本投入产出数据对32个行业外包率进行测算,结果显示:日本工业部门的外包水平高于服务部门,并且物质外包率普遍高于服务外包率,这主要是由日本国内资源贫乏、服务市场相对封闭而引起的。通过进一步量化分析发现,日本对中国的附加值拉动效应相对有限,这将阻碍中日间的专业化分工格局的协调发展,同时也意味着两国间有着更广阔的分工合作空间。因此,为深化两国间的分工协作,进一步提高中国在日本外包链条上的附加值比重,中国可以采取提高关键资源的出口价格以及进一步打开日本的服务外包市场等相关策略。

Due to the domestic high labor costs and production costs, Japan＇s industries transfer low - val-ue- added production processes to an external service process in - house, so that dominate high fore, it is of great value to analyze and calculate By the way of Feenstra ＆ Hanson and using the entity in developing countries, and keep core R＆D and - level - manufacturing country in the long term. There- the international outsourcing level of industries of Japan. input and output data, this paper measures the outsourc- ing ratio of 32 industries in Japan. The results show that the outsourcing level of industry department is higher than that of service department, and material outsourcing ratio of industry department is higher than that of service department, which is mainly attributed to domestic poor resource and relatively closed serv- ice market in Japan. By further value added is limited, which quantitative analysis, I conclude that hinders the coordinated development the driving force of Japan to China＇s of specialization between China and Japan and also means there lies much broad cooperation prospect between the two countries. Therefore, in order to strengthen the division and cooperation between China and Japan, further increase the proportion of China＇s value added in Japan＇s outsourcing market, China would improve the price of the key export re- sources and further expand the outsourcing market of service industry of Japan.