中国省域高等教育发展水平差异及其分类比较——基于31个省(区)市2004—2011年的面板数据

Classification and comparison of the provincial higher education development in China: Based on panel data from 2004 to 2011 in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and cities)

基于高等教育投入和产出构建的评价指标体系和中国2004—2011年31个省(区)市的面板数据,采用综合评价矩阵并进行聚类分析,结果表明,31个省(区)市大致可分为高等教育发达、次发达及落后三个层次。高等教育发达省域包括北京、天津和上海3市,次发达省域包括湖北、陕西、辽宁等14个省份,落后省域包括四川、甘肃、海南等14个省份。总体而言,这三类省域的高等教育发展水平有所上升,但由于经济、政策、人口、地理条件等因素的影响,省域之间及其内部的高等教育投入和产出呈现出不同的差异变动趋势。

Based on the evaluation index system formed with the input-output of higher education and the panel data from 2004 to 2011 in 31 provinces（autonomous regions and cities）, using comprehensive evaluation matrix and cluster analysis, the author drew conclusions as following： 31 provinces（autonomous regions and cities） could be classifies into three types—developed areas, less developed areas and backward areas. The developed areas included Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. The less developed areas consisted of fourteen provinces including Hubei, Shanxi, Liaoning and others. Fourteen provinces including Sichuan, Gansu, Hainan and others belonged to backward areas. In a whole, the higher education has significantly improved. However, owing to the impact of economic, policy, population, geographical conditions and other factors, the change trend of the input-output of higher education was different among and internal provinces.