海南地区疑难交叉配血患者不规则抗体分析

Analysis of irregular erythrocyte antibodies of patients with difficult crossmatching in Hainan area

目的了解海南地区输血前患者血型不规则抗体的发生频率和分布特点。方法选择2012年1月至2014年6月海南地区各医院送检的439例疑难配血标本,采用盐水法、凝聚胺法和抗人球蛋白法进行血型不规则抗体筛查和抗体特异性鉴定。结果 439例送检标本中,共检出血型不规则抗体32例,阳性率7.29%。女性患者不规则抗体的检出率(10.19%)明显高于男性患者(4.72%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.833,P<0.05)。检出的不规则抗体包括同种特异性抗体13例,自身抗体14例和非特异性不规则抗体5例。各系统疾病中,以血液系统疾病患者检出不规则抗体的比例最高,达到78.13%。结论输血前不规则抗体筛查,对于保证患者输血安全、减少溶血性输血反应发生具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the incidence and distribution characteristics of irregular erythrocyte antibodies in pre-transfusion patients in Hainan area.Methods From November 2012 to March 2014,439 blood samples of difficult matching patients were collected from hospitals in Hainan.Saline agglutination test,polybrene test and anti-human globulin test were used in the screening of irregular erythrocyte antibodies and the idetification of antibody specificity.Results A total of 32 irregular erythrocyte antibodies were detected in 439 patients,the positive rate was7.29%.The detection rate of irregular erythrocyte antibodies in female patients（10.19%）was significant higher than4.72%in male patients（χ^2=4.833,P0.05）.Among 32 positive irregular erythrocyte antibodies,including 13 case of specificity allo-antibodies,14 cases of auto-antibodies and 5cases of non-specific irregular antibodies.The highest irregular erythrocyte antibodies positive rate（78.13%）was observed in hematological disease patients.ConclusionScreening of irregular erythrocyte antibodies before transfusion is important to ensure the safety of blood transfusion and avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions.