2111株病原菌分布及耐药性分析

Distribution and drug resistance of 2111 strains of pathogenic bacteria

目的为临床医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对2013年1-12月该院感染患者的病原学检测及药敏试验结果进行调查分析。结果 2013年共检出2 111株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌占75.5%（1 594/2 111）,以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、产酸克雷伯菌为主;革兰阳性菌占20.3%（428/2 111）,以肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌为主;真菌89株,占4.2%（89/2 111）。药敏试验显示,肺炎克雷伯菌对13种抗菌药物的耐药率均小于25.0%。大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌对头孢菌素类抗菌药物高度耐药,对头孢哌酮舒巴坦较为敏感。革兰阳性菌对大环内酯类抗菌药物耐药率大于70.0%,未检出对万古霉素耐药株。金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素类抗菌药物高度耐药。结论加强细菌耐药性的监测有助于合理使用抗菌药物,避免耐药菌株的产生及传播。

Objective To provide evidence for the rational use of antibiotics.Methods Analyze on the results of pathogen detection and antibiotic susceptibility tests for the patients in the hospital from January 2013 to December 2013.Results There were 2111 strains of pathogenic bacteria detected in 2013,among which the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 75.5%（1 594/2 111）.The main species were Klebsiella pneumonia,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella oxytoca.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for for 20.3%（428/2 111）,the main species of which were Streptococcus pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.There were 89 strains of fungi,which accounted for 4.2%（89/2 111）.The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae′s drug resistance to 13 kinds of antibiotics were all less than 25.00%.Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed highly resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics while sensitive to Cefperazone-Sulbactam.The antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria to macrolide were greater than 70% while that to Vancomycin was 0.0%.Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were highly resistant to penicillin.Conclusion The monitoring of bacterial resistance in hospital contributes to the rational use of antibiotics and avoiding the formation and spread of drug-resistant strains.