TMR技术在西门塔尔纯种肉牛生产中的应用研究

Application of TMR Technology on Simmental Beef Cattle Production

[目的]：全混合日粮TMR（total mixed rations）饲养技术的使用能够保证西门塔尔纯种肉牛摄入均衡的营养,节省大量的人力和物力,并提高肉牛的生产性能,从而提高饲料利用率,降低饲养成本。[方法]：集取各种粗饲料（鲜青草、青贮）、精饲料（种牛精料补充料）以及饲料添加剂,以合理的顺序投放在TMR饲料搅拌车混料箱内,通过绞龙和刀片的作用对饲料切碎、揉搓、软化及搓细,经过充分的混合后,获得增加营养指标的全混日粮饲喂6-18月龄西门塔尔纯种母牛,其中每月对牛只称重一次,共实验90d。[结果]：117头西门塔尔后备母牛分成两组,其中6-12月龄62头,13-18月龄55头。6-12月龄90d平均日增重为824.75±187.43g;13-18月龄平均日增重为769.44±174.61g.增重结果与不同饲养方式（全放牧和精粗料分离饲喂）同期同月龄牛群比较,全放牧式89头,6-12月龄51头,90d平均日增重373.14±266.20g,13-18月龄48头,90d平均日增重401.28±311.20g,差异均极显著（P〈0.01）;精料和粗饲料分离饲喂94头,其中6-12月龄43头90d平均日增重为512.88±204.94g差异极显著（P〈0.01）,13-18月龄51头90 d平均日增重为579.13±223.67g差异显著（P〈0.05）。[结论]：TMR技术能改善饲料的适口性,增加食欲,减少饲料损耗,还可以使牛得到稳定的瘤胃pH值,提高日粮干物质的摄取量,提高饲料的转化率,简化饲料配制得到优化组合;TMR饲养技术在西门塔尔纯种肉牛生产中达到了较好的增重效果。

【Objective】The total mixed ration（TMR）is a feeding technique.The use of TMR can ensure a intake balanced of nutrients in Simmental beef cattle,and save a lot of manpower and material resources as well as improve the performance of beef cattle.Hence,the aim of this study was to improve the utilization rate of feed and reduce feeding cost via TMR technology.【Method】All kinds of forage（fresh grass and silage）,fine feed（bovine concentrate supplement）and feed additive were collected.They were put on TMR feed mixer mixing box with reasonable sequence and feed chopping,kneading,softening and rubbing fine by auger and the effect of blade.Through full mixing,it increased nutrient index.Total mixed diets were fed to 6-18months age Simmental purebred cows which were weighted monthly.The experiment lasted 90 day.【Result】A total of 117 Simmental heifers were divided into two groups：group I with 62heads（6-12months old）and group II with 55heads（13-18months old）.The average daily gain of group I was 824.75 ± 187.43 g for 90 days;The average daily gain of group II was769.44±174.61 g for 90 days.The number of cattle of grazing type was 89 heads.The average daily gain of group I were 373.14±266.20 g.The average daily gain of group II was 401.28±311.20 g.The average daily gain of them showed significantly difference between different groups（P〈0.01）.A total of 94 head cattle were fed with concentrate and roughage,respectively.The average daily gain of 43heads（6-12 months old）within 99 days was 512.88±204.94 g,which showed significant difference（P〈0.01）.The average daily gain of 13-18heads（51months old）within 90 dwas 579.13±223.67 g,which showed significant difference（P〈0.05）.【Conclusion】TMR technology not only could improve the palatability of feed,increase appetite,and reduce feed loss,but also could make the cow obtain stable pH of rumen dry matter,increase intake of dietary,improve feed conversion rate as well as simplify the feed formulation optimized portfolio.Hence,TMR achieved better effect in increasing the weight of Sentimental cattle in production of beef cattle industry.