情绪调节的影响因素研究述评

A Review of the Factors That May Affect Emotion Regulation

情绪调节是个体机能的重要方面,是个体适应与心理健康的关键机制,因此有必要系统考察情绪调节的主要影响因素。文章梳理、分析和总结国内外研究者在这一领域的研究结果发现,众多研究者从性别、年龄、文化、语言技能、家庭环境、人格特征及生理机制等方面考察了其在情绪调节过程中的地位和作用,未来的研究应从整合的视野建立情绪调节影响因素的完整系统。

Emotion regulation is an important aspect of individual body functions, which is also the key mechanism of adaptation and health. The factors that may affect emotion regulation are issues of researchers. Many researchers study the status and role of gender, age, culture, language skills, family environment, personality characteristics, and physiological mechanism in the progress of emotion regulation. Previous research shows that, there are some sex differences in the emotion regulation, but the results still have some contradictions and chaotic place. With the growth of age, older individuals learn to use positive emotion strategy and to reduce using negative emotion regulation strategies to achieve a sense of happiness. Some research shows that the effect of emotion regulation strategies is regulated by culture and values. Some negative emotion regulation strategies in the western culture may belong to a kind of virtue in eastern cultures. Language skill is an important factor to influence the development level of emotional expression, and language skills affect the normal complete socialization of emotion regulation. The observational learning, parenting style and family emotional climate affect the children＇s emotion regulation in different degree in the home environment, and this progress is affected by the parents＇ characteristics and the children characteristics. Different parenting styles have different effects on children＇s social and emotional development. Parents can even teach the child how to cope with the negative emotions. The frequency of occurrence and treatment methods of marital conflict is an important factor to affect the growth of children, and the children can learn how to handle the conflict related the emotion. Emotion regulation and parent-child attachment type theory is a kind of interaction relation in certain degree. Personality and emotion regulation strategies are closely linked, and some special personality disorder would affect the development of emotion regulation adversely. The current research on emotion regulation of physiological mechanism mainly focuses on the study of the operation of the brain mechanism. The future research should pay more attention to building the system of factors that may affect emotion regulation.