深水沉积研究进展及前缘问题

Advances in research on deep water deposition and their frontier problems

深水沉积模式的发展很大程度上代表了深水沉积研究的重要进展和主要方向。浊流理论形成与建立以来的60余年里,伴随深水油气勘探技术手段的进步,深水沉积研究取得了长足进展;与此同时,深水沉积模式也经历了2个重要阶段,即基于浊流理论的鲍玛序列和海底扇模式的建立与发展阶段,以及基于碎屑流的斜坡沉积模式建立与发展阶段。关于浊积岩和鲍玛序列问题以及砂质碎屑流与高密度浊流问题,一直都是争议的热点与难点。针对这些问题的广泛讨论,也正说明了深水沉积作用和内在机理的复杂性。深水沉积研究只有综合考虑构造、气候、沉积物源、海平面升降等诸多外在影响因素,才能从源-渠-汇等3个方面更加系统客观地研究与预测深水沉积储层,并在实践中不断完善深水沉积理论与认识。

The development of deep water deposition models may largely represent an important advance in research on deep water deposition and their major directions. Since the appearance and establishment of the turbidity current theory, great advances have been made in research on deep water deposition in more than 60 years, accompanying the progress in techniques of deep water hydrocarbon exploration. Meanwhile, there were two major development stages of deep water deposition models, i.e. Bouma sequence and the submarine fan model based on the turbidity current theory and the slope deposition model based on debris flow. The issues of turbidite, Bouma sequence, sandy debris flow and high-density turbidity current have always been the prevailing focuses and difficulties of arguments, and the extensive discussion about these issues would indeed indicate the complexity of deep water deposition and its inherent mechanism. The re- search on deep water deposition can result in more systematical and objective analysis and prediction of deep water reservoir rocks from 3 aspects, i.e. souree-channel-affluxion, and continuous improvement of the deep water deposition theory in practice, only when a lot of external factors such as tectonics, climate, provenance and sea level fluctuation are comprehensively considered.