非水电解质锂空气电池的开发与探索

Development and exploration of non-aqueous electrolyte lithium-air batteries

由于锂空气电池有很高的理论能量密度,受到了研究人员的广泛关注。该种电池使用纯金属锂作为负极,正极为氧气,不需要在电极中储存,直接来自空气中。然而锂氧电池在实际应用中,仍然有许多的问题需要解决。诸如正极结构的设计、电解质组分的优选、以及充放电过程中电极的放电反应的研究等。综述了锂氧电池研究过程中面临的主要限制因素,并做了相应的阐述。

Lithium-air batteries have recently received attention due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities,which far exceed that of any other existing energy storage technology.The significantly larger theoretical energy density of the lithium-air batteries is due to the use of a pure lithium metal anode and the fact that the cathode oxidant,oxygen,is stored externally since it can be readily obtained from the surrounding air.However,the impact of this technology has so far fallen short of its potential due to several daunting challenges.Such as.designing their cathode structure,optimizing their electrolyte compositions,found bifunctional catalyst,reducing their overpotential,enhanced the oxygen solvability and diffusivity,compatible with the operating environment and elucidating the complex chemical reactions that occured during charge and discharge and so on.the most critical challenges to developing robust,high-energy Li/air batteries were discussed,and future research directions to understand and overcome these challenges were suggested.