蛋白质定向进化的研究进展

The Research Progress of Protein Directed Evolution

在工业生物催化过程和生物细胞工厂构建方面,蛋白质定向进化被广泛地应用于酶的分子改造.蛋白质定向进化不仅可以针对某一目的蛋白进行改造,还可以改善代谢途径、优化代谢网络、获得期望表型细胞.为了获得更高效的突变效率,快捷、高通量的筛选方法,提高蛋白质定向进化的效果,研究者不断开发蛋白质体内、体外进化方法,取得了新的进展和应用.本文介绍了最近发展的蛋白质定向进化技术的原理、方法及特点,总结了突变文库的筛选方法和蛋白质定向进化的最新应用,最后讨论了蛋白质定向进化存在的挑战和未来发展方向.

Protein directed evolution is widely used to improve enzymes, particularly for industrial biocatalytic processes and construction of cell factories. It is an efficient and powerful tool to improve and optimize natural proteins in order to generate robust biocatalysts for practical applications. In addition, optimization of metabolic pathways, regulation of functional regulatory systems, and development of desired complex phenotypes in industrial host organisms have all been achieved by way of protein directed evolution. Numerous in vivo and in vitro methods have been developed for the efficient evolutionary effects, especially in high mutation rate and rapidly high-throughput screening capabilities. Some of the methods have only recently been applied for general use and are just beginning to find greater application. In this review, we summarize some of the new methods for mutant libraries generation, including random evolution, semi-rational evolution and rational evolution. And current state-of-the-art screening techniques in protein directed evolution are also reviewed. Advancements are discussed with respect to the state of the art in diversity generation and high-throughput screening capabilities.Meanwhile, limitations and remaining challenges are also pronounced.