受控环境下光周期对小麦生长发育、产量及营养品质的影响

Effects of Photoperiod on Growth,Development,Yield and Nutritional Quality of Wheat in Controlled System

为探讨受控生态生保系统(CELSS)中利用光周期调控提高植物能量利用效率的可能性,以红蓝LED(90%红+10%蓝)为光源,在开花前及开花后各设置12、16、20和24h四个光周期水平,形成16个处理,研究光周期对小麦生长发育、产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,开花前光周期延长使小麦开花时间显著提前,特别是导致出苗到拔节和拔节到抽穗的天数显著减少。开花后光周期延长会缩短开花到成熟的时间,且开花前和开花后光周期对小麦生育期长度的影响相互独立。在开花前,短光周期有利于小麦营养器官的构建,增加株高、分蘖数、叶片数和营养器官干重,进而提高籽粒产量、收获指数和能效比。在开花后,长光周期提高了灌浆期叶片光合速率,促进籽粒中干物质积累,提高籽粒产量、收获指数和能效比。开花前短光周期的增产作用主要是因穗数和穗粒数增加,而开花后长光周期的增产作用主要是因粒重增加。在开花前后,延长光周期均导致籽粒淀粉含量增加和蛋白质含量减少。在开花前12h光照、开花后24h光照的处理下小麦产量和能量利用效率均最高,说明开花前短光周期结合开花后长光周期最有利于小麦高产和能量高效利用。

Controlled ecological life support system（CELSS）is a sealed system used in spaceflight in order to provide astronauts with food and O2 by plant cultivation.It＇s of great significance to increase the energy usage efficiency due to energy is extremely deficient in the space.So the objective of this study was to increase the energy usage efficiency by regulating the photoperiod.16 treatments were set with 4photoperiods of 12 h,16h,20 hand 24hcombined with two stages of before and after flowering.The light source was red-blue LED（90%red＋ 10% blue）.As a result,the period from sprouting to flowering was largely shortened by longer photoperiod before flowering,particularly the duration days from sprouting to elongation and from elongation to heading.After flowering,the period from flowering to maturity was shortened by longer photoperiod.The effects of photoperiods before and after flowering on growth process were independent of each other.Shorter photoperiod before flowering promoted the vegetative growth.Plant height,tiller number,leaf number and biomass of vegetative organs all increased with the shortening of photoperiod before flowering.Meanwhile,the strengthened vegetative organs improved the photosynthetic production ability,increased the grainyield.The harvest index and energy efficiency were also enhanced.Longer photoperiod after flowering promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic product in seeds.As the photoperiod after flowering got longer,Pnin the postulation period ascended and grain yield increased significantly.In addition,the harvest index and energy efficiency were significantly elevated.In terms of yield-building factors,shorter photoperiod before flowering enhanced grain yield mainly by increasing the number of ears per plant and seeds per ear.Longer photoperiod after flowering increased grain yield mainly by increasing the grain weight.Grain starch concentration was increased and protein concentration was lowered by longer photoperiod both before and after flowering.The treatments with 12 hphotoperiod before flowering and 24 hafter flowering both achieved the highest-yield and the highest-efficiency.In conclusion,shorter photoperiod before flowering is better for wheat yield and longer photoperiod is more beneficial after flowering.