都市农业发展水平评价研究综述

REVIEW ON EVALUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF URBAN AGRICULTURE

都市农业发展水平的评价本质上是对都市农业发展过程及结果的确定、识别及评定的过程。该文阐述了国内外都市农业发展水平评价指标体系选取的原则与方法,在此基础上,综述了都市农业发展水平评价指标体系选取的方法和范围。研究认为,都市农业发展水平评价指标体系选取的标准依作者对都市农业理解的不同而各有侧重,在评价方法上主要有层次分析法、信息熵法、综合指数法、幂函数法等。指标体系选取主要有定性和定量两类方法,权重赋值上也有较强的主观性,指标更侧重于经济产出类指标,除了生产、经济功能之外,对都市农业的观光、社会、文化等多功能性指标重视不够。都市农业发展水平评价指标涉及的范围较广泛,既有宏观的洲际、国家及城市层面,也有更微观的实体经济如都市农民及都市社区层面等。因此,评价的过程及评价的方法应多选择数学模型的构建和使用,降低指标评价的主观性,评价指标突出都市农业的多功能性特征。

The evaluation of the development level of urban agriculture is to determinate,identify and evaluate the development process and result of urban agriculture. The core of the scientific and reasonable evaluation of urban agriculture development level is the evaluation index system. Based on selection standards and methods of urban agricultural development level evaluation index system,this paper reviewed the evaluation methods,evaluation scale and indicator selection. The results showed that the design of evaluation index system of the urban agricultural development level was different because the designers had different understanding of urban agriculture. Evaluation methods mainly included the analytic hierarchy process,entropy method,composite index method,power function method,etc. It had qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to select the index system. The weight assignment had strong subjectivity,and the selection of most of the urban agricultural evaluation indicators only considered the agricultural economic indicators,but could not reflect the key evaluation index for connotation and characteristics of urban agriculture,such as leisure sightseeing,social and cultural indicators etc. The development evaluation of urban agriculture scope was broad including not only the intercontinental,macro,state and city level,but also micro entity economy such as urban farmers and urban community level,etc. So the evaluation process and evaluation method should select more mathematical models and reduce the subjectivity of index evaluation. In addition,to evaluate urban agriculture should strengthen the horizontal comparison with the development of urban agriculture in different cities.