河北省食用菌产业发展现状及其对策研究

CURRENT SITUATION OF EDIBLE FUNGUS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN HEBEI PROVINCE AND COUNTERMEASURES

该文从食用菌产业是扶贫富民的支柱产业入手,分析了河北省具有较强的产业基础、先进的经营模式、区位优势、丰富原料优势,指出该产业资金、技术、人力资源等要素进入门槛相对较低,是河北省燕山太行山等贫困地区大力开发剩余农村劳动力资源,实现农民持续较快增收的重要特色产业。文章认为,对河北省食用菌产业当前面临着诸多问题政策和资金支持力度不够、科研开发能力后劲不足、产业链较短、从事深加工企业少、食用菌相关配套产业发展滞后等进行分析,提出应明确将食用菌产业作为促进贫困地区重点发展的特色产业、出台相关办法;加大财政支持,鼓励民营资本进入;加快培育发展食用菌产业新型经营主体,实现基地和农户利益共享、风险共担;把产业园区作为促进食用菌产业规模化、集聚化发展的重要载体;加大关键技术攻关力度;加大菇农技术培训,培育职业农民;支持建立食用菌批发市场建设,延长产业链条。

The edible fungus industry has high economic efficiency and great market potential which is a resource- saving and environmentally friendly agriculture because its production does not possess arable land and uses the recycling of agriculture waste as raw materials（ including chicken manure,cow manure,rice straw and winter wheat straw）. This paper analyzed the advantages of the edible fungus industry,a pillar industry,in Hebei province,which include solid industrial foundation,advanced operation mode,advantageous location condition,traffic condition location as well as abundant raw materials. The industry has comparatively lower entry barrier in terms of capital,technology and human resources,as well as sufficient enormous market of demand,and became an essential characteristic industry,which widely applied in Hebei yanshan,Taihang Mountain and other poor regions to develop the rural surplus labor resources vigorously and increase farmers＇ income rapidly. While the edible fungus industry in Hebei province is also facing many problems,compared with that in Shandong province and Fujian province,such as inadequate support of policy and finance,lack of capabilities in research and development,shorter industry chain,few enterprises engaging in deep processing and the development lag of relevant industries. On the basis of type and characteristic of existing edible fungus production modes in Hebei province,it put forward some countermeasures including regarding the edible fungus industry as a specialized industry,promoting the development of poor areas,giving priority for the development of integrated organization mode; formulating new relevant policy to increase financial support and encourage private capital,speeding up the construction of standardization and information platform for edible fungus industry,accelerating the cultivation of new industrial operators to realize the benefit and risk sharing between the production base and the farmers. In addition,it should take the Industrial Garden Area as an important carrier to enlarge the edible fungus industry＇ scale and promote agglomeration development,and strengthen edible fungus technical training and improve the capability of personnel engaged in edible fungus industry,establish edible fungus wholesale market to improve the farmers＇ s profit,bring in leading enterprises to develop and introduce deep processing enterprises to extend the industrial chain.