论马克思唯物主义思想的实质应该如何理解——兼与张奎良先生商榷

How to Understand the Essence of the Theory of Marx's Materialism— a Discussion with Mr. Zhang Kuiliang

唯物主义作为一种坚持外部世界为客观存在的思想或观念本身就潜含着趋向实践的巨大冲力。18世纪法国唯物主义所蕴含的"社会主义内蕴"以及19世纪初批判的空想社会主义之所以陷于空想并不是因为它们遗传了来自于旧唯物主义脱离现实,轻视实践的局限,而是因为它们没有能够在社会主义借以实现的社会历史领域坚持唯物主义的原则,因而在"历史领域内自己背叛了自己"。只要能够将在自然观中确立的唯物主义原则彻底地运用到社会历史领域,唯物主义所潜含着的实践能量就能够充分地释放出来。因此,马克思的唯物主义思想就其实质而言只能是将唯物主义推广和运用于社会历史领域的历史唯物主义。

Materialism as a concept or idea stick to take the outside world as objective existence,it contains huge momentum which tends to practice. Being merely fantasy of ＂ the connotation of socialism＂ contained in the 18 th Century French materialism and the critical Utopian socialism in the early 19 th Century,not because of what they have inherited from the limitations（ escaping from reality and contempt of practice） of the old materialism,but because of failing to insist on the principles of materialism in the field of social history,which be depended on to realize socialism,thus ＂ they betrayed themselves in the history field＂. As long as the principles of materialism which established in the view of nature,can be completely used in the field of social history,the energy of practice contained in the materialism can be fully drawn out. So,in terms of its essence,Marx’s materialism can only be historical materialism which was the result of expanding the materialism to the field of social history.