16S rRNA测序技术在肠道微生物中的应用研究进展

Advances and Applications on Methodology of 16S rRNA Sequencing in Gut Microbiota Analysis

16S rRNA测序是高通量测序依赖的肠道微生物研究方法之一,该方法可以对肠道微生物中的所有菌种进行精确定量,因此正逐渐成为研究肠道微生物菌种丰度变化的主流。肠道微生物16S rRNA测序的应用过程中有两个问题至关重要,一是如何根据需要选择测序方案;二是面对高通量测序得到的海量数据,如何进行生物信息学分析,以得到具有生物学意义的结果。从测序平台、测序片段、测序数据量的选择3个方面讨论了如何选择测序方案,并从序列聚类与注释、群落结构分析、关键分类单位的筛选与功能分析等方面对目前常用的生物信息学分析手段进行综述。

16S rRNA sequencing is one of the high-throughput-sequencing-based methods used in gut microbiota analysis. Almost all the bacterial species in gut microbiota can be quantified through 16S rRNA sequencing, which has made this method into the mainstream. Two issues are very important in the application of 16S rRNA sequencing：sequencing strategy and bioinformatic analysis. In this review, three aspects of the sequencing strategy, including sequencing platform, sequencing region, and data size were discussed. While on bioinformatic analysis, the advance in sequences cluster and annotation, microbiota structure analysis, key taxa screening and functional analysis were reviewed here.