气候变化与亚太海洋区域：影响·适应·风险管理

Climate change and Asia-Pacific ocean region: impacts,adaptation and risk management

本文回顾了国内外气候变化评估报告和相关研究成果,概述了气候变化对亚洲-太平洋地区(简称亚太地区)海洋区域的影响、适应和风险管理等.结果表明,亚太地区的气候与海洋环境发生明显变化,陆地和海洋表面温度上升,冰川和积雪等退缩,区域内的季风、降水和海洋环流的时空分布格局变化显著;气候变化对海洋区域的影响与风险主要表现为:海洋生境损失的增加和生物多样性的减少,海洋物种地理分布的迁移和季节活动规律的改变,中国近海赤潮和绿潮等生态灾害的频现,以及海平面的持续上升、风暴潮趋强和沿岸洪涝的频发及其对沿海地区经济社会安全和海洋产业可持续发展的威胁;并且,由于海洋气候变化的影响与风险分布具有明显的不均匀性,特别是海岸带低洼地等脆弱性较高的地区和社区,因此,基于风险管理的理念,总结了应对气候变化的若干协同适应策略与建议.

This article reviewed the climate change assessment reports and related research results,and summarized the impacts of climate change on Asia-Pacific region and ocean region（ hereinafter referred to as the Asia-Pacific region）,the adaptation and risk management,etc. Results show that the climate and the marine environment in the Asia-Pacific region have obvious changed,with results of land and sea surface temperatures rise,glaciers and snowmelting,and distribution pattern changes of the monsoon,rainfall,and ocean circulation in this area. The impacts of climate change on the sea and the risk are mainly as follows： the increase of marine habitat loss and the decrease of biological diversity,migration and the seasonal behavior change of marine species,the frequent appearances of marine ecological disasters such as red tides and green tide in the offshore China,and the threats to economic and social security and the sustainable development of the marine industry in the coastal areas due to continual rising in sea level,strong storm surge and frequent flood. And,due to the uniform effects of marine climate change and risk distribution,high vulnerability areas such as low-lying coastal zones with their communities will be suffered the most. In this paper,a number of cooperative strategies responding to climate changes were presumptively put forward based on the concept of risk management.