2种除草剂对燕麦产量、杂草防除及后茬作物安全性的影响

Effects of Two Tested Herbicides on the Yield of Oat,Weed Control and Safety of Succeeding Crops

试验采用前期筛选的2种最佳除草剂仲丁灵和二甲·辛酰溴施用于燕麦田(Avena sativa),调查燕麦鲜草、种子产量及防效,并初步研究不同浓度除草剂对后茬植物出苗率、株高及鲜重的影响。结果表明:药后15 d,30 d株防效及鲜重防效表现为施用高浓度二甲·辛酰溴>中浓度二甲·辛酰溴>高浓度仲丁灵。表明与对照相比,所有处理对燕麦产量均有增产作用,2种除草剂都在中浓度增效明显,且二甲·辛酰溴优于仲丁灵。低浓度除草剂处理过的土壤对后茬冬油菜及皮、裸燕麦出苗无影响,在中、低浓度下对后茬成株期株高和鲜重有促进作用,而高浓度除草剂对后茬出苗率及成株期生长有抑制作用。仲丁灵中浓度对后茬影响最小,高浓度二甲·辛酰溴对后茬抑制最大。因此建议燕麦田施用40%仲丁灵和40%二甲·辛酰溴分别不超过5625和2025 mL·hm^(-2)。

Butralin and Bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium which were best two herbicides selected by previous experiment were adopted in this experiment and used in oat field. The weed control, fresh forage and kernel yield of oat were surveyed, and the effects of herbicides at different concentrations on the germination rate, height and fresh weight of succeeding plant preliminary were investigated. The results showed that the control effect of weed after applied herbicides for 15 days and 30 days as well as the control effect of fresh weight after applied herbicides for 30 days were ordered as the treatment of Bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium with high concentration 〉 the treatment of Bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium at middle concentration 〉 the treatment of Butralin with high concentration. The oat yield increased in the treatments of all tested herbicides compared with controls. Both herbicides had obvious control efficiency in the middle concentration, and the effect of Bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium was better than Butralin. The soil treated by both herbicides with low concentrations had no effect on the seedling emergence of succeeding crops such as winter rape （Brassica campestris）, naked oat （Avena nuda）and husk oat（Avena sativa）. Both herbicides at low and middle concentrations had promoting effects on the height, root length and fresh weight of the succeeding crop at adult stage, while the seedling emergence and growth of plant were inhibited with the concentrations of both herbicides increasing. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that the middle concentration treatment of Butralin had the least impact on the growth of succeeding crops, and the high concentration treatment of Bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium had the largest inhibition to the growth of succeeding crops. So the optimum application concentrations of 40% Butralin and 40% Bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium in oat land should not exceed 5625 and 2025 mL·hm-2, respectively.