中枢神经系统用药与老年人跌倒风险的相关性研究

Correlation between central nervous system medications and the risk of falls in elderly people

目的研究服用中枢神经系统药物与老年人跌倒风险的相关性。方法在本社区60~75岁人群中随机分发问卷,调查在过去1年中服用中枢神经系统药物同时有跌倒史的人群样本。通过回归分析研究在老年人群中服用中枢神经系统药物和跌倒风险的相关性。结果调查4 696人,男2 546人,女2 150人,平均年龄66.3岁,21.7%的被调查者有跌倒史。与老年人跌倒风险相关（OR,95%CI）的中枢神经性药物有：阿片类药（2.4,1.5~3.7）、非阿片类止痛药（1.7,1.4~2.1）、抗癫疒间药（2.8,1.5~5.1）、抗抑郁药（2.8,1.9~4.1）、抗焦虑药（1.5,0.9~2.6）。其中阿片类药与老年人的跌倒风险明显相关,抗精神病药与跌倒没有明显的相关性。结论多数中枢神经系统药物与老年人跌倒风险相关,并能使跌倒风险增加2~3倍。

Objective To explore the association between central nervous system drugs and the risk of falls in elderly people. Methods Questionnaires were sent to people aged 60 ~ 75 years randomly in our community. Crosssectional data on using central nervous system drugs and falls in the last year were collected. The relationship between falls and central nervous system drugs use was investigated by logistic regression. Results 4 696 persons were investigated with 2 546 males and 2 150 females,the median age was 66. 3 years,and 21. 7 % of them had a fall. The follow-ing central nervous system drugs were associated with falls（ OR,95% CI） ： opiates（ 2. 4,1. 5 ~ 3. 7）,non-opiates（ 1. 7,1. 4 ~ 2. 1）,antiepileptics（ 2. 8,1. 5 ~ 5. 1）,antidepressants（ 2. 8,1. 9 ~ 4. 1）,anxiolytics（ 1. 5,0. 9 ~ 2. 6）. Significant correlation was found between the opiates and the risk of falls in the elderly people,however,there was no correlation between the antipsychotics and falls. Conclusion Most of central nervous system drugs are associated with falls in elderly people,they could increase 2 ~ 3 fold of the risk of falls approximately.