王阳明《传习录·答顾东桥》书信中知行问题的分析

Analysis of knowledge and action in Wang Yangming's letters in Chuan Xi Lu,Response to Gu Dongqiao

对于王阳明知行合一的见解作一讨论,阳明的思想发端常起因于对朱子学的怀疑,朱子以《大学》作为学问的建构,视格物为穷理,故为知;诚意为行,故以《大学》的知至而后意诚而言,先知后行。而阳明不同意,进而主张知行合一,吾人从其《答顾东桥书》里书信之往返,对于其中的知行问题,再做一番检讨,见孰是孰非。其中的主要问题点包括,《中庸》的"博学、审问"等之语,该属知还是属行。及先秦儒者对于知识上的学习,是否重视之,是第一义还是第二义?进而,吾人谈四书中的原意,到底知与行之间的问题,朱子与阳明,谁人能合于原意。又阳明、朱子对知行的见解,能有相合之处吗?本文对此,一一分析。

This paper discusses Wang Yangming＇ s views toward unity of knowledge and practice. Frequently, Yang- ming＇ s thought began with doubt of Zhu Xi＇ s discourse. Zhu Xi used Great Learning to construct knowledge, and the study of objects to seek principles, resulting in knowledge ; sincerity is part of action, thus in terms of knowledge before sincerity in Great Learning,there is knowledge before action. However, Yangming disagreed, in turn asserting that there is unity of knowledge and practice. From the correspondence in Response to Gu Dongqiao, this paper evaluates the issue of knowledge and action again to see which is correct. The main problem points include whether “erudition and inquiry” in Doctrine of the Mean refer to knowledge or action, whether pre - Qin Confucians emphasized learning of knowledge, whether it is in the first or second place？ Then, the original intent of the Four Books is discussed to consider whether Zhu Xi or Wang Yangming conformed to the original intent in their understanding of knowledge and action, and whether their understanding of knowledge and action had any common points. This paper will analyze these points.