1997年与2012年广州盲校学生致盲原因分析

Causes of blindness of students in Guangzhou Blind School in 1997 and 2012

目的调查广州盲校学生相隔15年视力情况和致盲及低视力病因的变化,引起对低视学生教学工作的重视,并为今后防盲治盲提供依据。方法对广州盲校学生进行全面调查,并对1997年和2012年2次调查结果进行分析。结果 1997年和2012年调查结果显示,学生视力以<0.02为主,有残余视力(视力≥0.02)1997年为23.89%,2012年为16.67%。先天或遗传因素均为主要致盲因素。致盲及低视力原因前三位1997年分别是先天性白内障、先天性眼球发育不良、先天性青光眼,2012年分别是早产儿视网膜病变、先天性白内障、先天性眼球发育不良和视神经萎缩。结论该盲校有部分学生拥有残余视力,应重视低视学生教学工作。应加强先天遗传病的宣传,大力提倡优生优育,重视先天性白内障和先天性青光眼的手术质量,加强对早产儿围产期的监测,降低致盲率。

Objective To understand the changes of blindness of students in the Guangzhou Blind School in 1997 and 2012,so as to provide the evidence for the future prevention from blindness.Methods All the blind students were investigated in 1997 and 2012,respectively,and the results were analyzed and compared.Results The students with visual acuity〈 0.02 were the majority,and the percentage of students with residual vision（visual acuity ≥ 0.02） was 23.89%in 1997,and was 16.67%in 2012.The congenital or genetic factors were the major blinding factors.The top three causes of blindness and low vision were congenital cataracts,congenital eye dysplasia,and congenital glaucoma,respectively,in1997,and they were retinopathy of premature children,congenital cataracts,and congenital eye dysplasia and optic nerve atrophy,respectively,in 2012.Conclusions Some of blind students have residual vision;therefore,the school authority should pay more attention to the teaching of the low vision students,and also strengthen the publicity of congenital genetic diseases,die quality of surgery of congenital cataracts and congenital glaucoma,etc.