肝癌患者肝移植术后早期腹胀的原因分析及护理对策研究

Study on the analysis of the transplantation forUver cancer causes of early abdominal distension following liver patients and nursing countermeasures

目的分析导致肝癌行肝移植患者术后出现早期腹胀的原因并据此为患者临床护理的实施提供依据，制定有效的护理对策。方法选取我院收治的82例肝癌行肝移植术后早期出现腹胀并发症的患者进行研究，针对患者的手术时间、麻醉药物、腹腔积液与粘连情况以及术后疼痛所造成的影响等方面资料展开分析，并据此为患者制定有效的护理措施。结果肝癌患者行肝移植术后，腹胀发生的平均时间为（3．7±1．1）d，镇痛泵平均使用时间为（2．5±0．4）d，排气所用平均为（6．7±2．0）d，平均住院时间为（10．8±3．6）d。并且手术出现腹腔积液与粘连、麻醉药物用量高以及手术时间越长等都会增加术后发生并发症的概率。结论针对腹腔积液与粘连、麻醉药物的使用以及手术时间等影响因素，可在术后通过应用抗生素、腹部热敷与按摩、温水足浴、营养支持以及尽早下床活动等对策来促进患者的肠胃蠕动，缓解腹内高压状态，进而加快患者的康复进度。

Objective To analyze and provide the basis for the implementation of clinical nursing cause liver cancer for patients after liver transplantation appears early abdominal distension, formulate effective nursing countermeasures. Methods In our hospital, 82 cases of early abdominal complications in liver transplantation hepatic carcinoma patients after anesthesia, the operation time, patient＇s medication, peritoneal effusion and adhesion and postoperative pain caused by the impact of other data were analyzed, and then for the patient to develop effective nursing measures. Results After liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma patients, the average time of abdominal distension was （ 3.7 ± 1.1 ） d, the average time of analgesia pump was （2. 5 ± 0. 4） d, the time of exhaust was （6. 7 ± 2） d, hospitalization time was （10. 8 ± 3. 6） d. Peritoneal effusion and adhesion, drug dosage during operation and the operation time increased postoperative complica- tions. Conclusions After operation, the application of antibiotics, abdominal fomentation and massage, foot bath with warm water, nutrition and early ambulation could promote gastrointestinal motility, ease intra - abdominal hypertension status, so as tO accelerate the progress of rehabilitation.