矿区人工再塑地貌对锡林郭勒草原土壤侵蚀的影响及其控制效果

Effects of Soil Erosion and Remodeling Control of Coal Mine Dump Slope in Prairie of Xilin Gol

为阐明典型草原大型露天煤矿人工再塑地貌(排土场边坡)形成后对当地水土流失的影响及其不同治理措施对人工再塑地貌边坡的水蚀控制效果,研究采用标准径流小区对矿区人工再塑地貌边坡不同治理措及天然草地的土壤侵蚀产流、产沙、入渗过程进行了一个雨季的连续观测。研究结果表明:无论在何种雨强条件下,裸露边坡的径流量、产沙量明显大于天然草地,其年径流量、年产沙量分别为天然草地的5.1倍和228.8倍,年均入渗量是天然草地62.1%;裸露边坡通过合理治理后,土壤侵蚀量得到明显控制,在治理初期不同措施产沙量由大到小的顺序依次为铺设植生带>裸地>草灌结合种植(柠条+草本植物)>沙地柏+绣线菊(已种植4a)>生态袋品字型(工程措施+生物措施)>生态袋一字型(工程措施+生物措施)>天然草地,其比值为237∶232∶120∶32∶15∶1。可见,天然草地实施煤炭开发过程中形成的排土场边坡是一种极强烈侵蚀的人工再塑地貌,其严重加剧了当地的土壤侵蚀,必须采取合理的控制措施对其进行防治。

To elucidate the large opencast coal mine in Typical Steppe of geomorphology rebuilt by man（dump slope）effect on controlling soil and water loss and its local effects of different measures on geomorphology rebuilt by man about slope water erosion formation,the authors used runoff plot standard continuous observations of runoff,sediment,infiltration process of erosion on a rainy season mining area landform slope artificial plastic different governance measures and natural grassland soil.The research results show that：Regardless of the rain intensity,bare slope runoff,sediment yield are significantly greater than the natural grassland,the annual runoff,the annual sediment yield are 5.1times and 228.8times of natural grassland,the average annual amount of infiltration is the natural grassland 62.1%;bare slope through reasonable treatment,the amount of soil erosion obviously the control,in the early treatment of different measures of sediment yield from big to small order of：Laying soil sacks〉bare land〉combined with grass and shrub planting（Caragana microphylla＋herb）〉Sabina vulgaris＋Spiraea（have been planted four years）〉eco-bag goods font（engineering measures and biological measures）〉bag a font（engineering measures and biological measures）〉natural grassland.Its ratio is 237∶232∶120∶32∶15∶1.This shows that：After the implementation of coal exploitation of natural grassland,seriously aggravated the local soil erosion,mining dump slope is a very strong artificial erosion landform remodeling.It is necessary to take reasonable controlling measures for its prevention.