干热河谷旱地覆盖间作两熟种植模式的水分效应

Water Effects of Mulching Intercropping Patterns of Dry-land in Dry-hot Valley

在干热河谷旱地选择玉米/黄豆种植模式进行田间试验,研究不同覆盖栽培措施条件下间作两熟种植模式的水分效应。结果表明,秸秆、地膜覆盖栽培有明显增加和保蓄土壤水的作用,秸秆地膜二元覆盖栽培的作用更为显著,根区成为作物耗水与土壤保蓄水的关键区域,农田水分变化沿土层可划分为3个层次,即0-30cm土层为土壤水分变化活跃层和土壤贮水增加明显层;30-80cm土层为土壤水分变化次活跃层和土壤贮水增加显著层;80-100cm土层为土壤水分变化相对稳定层和土壤贮水增加一般层,且覆盖栽培措施可促进作物耗水量由田间无效蒸发耗水向有效的田间作物蒸腾耗水转化,使旱作农田水分的有效性显著提升。

Based on mulching intercropping experiments of dry-land in dry-hot valley,the water effects of different treatments were studied.The results showed that straw and plastic film mulching played very important role in increase and reserve soil water,the dual mulching mode of plastic film and straw displayed more prominent function,root region was proved to be key region on crop consuming water and soil reserving water,the changes of farmland water were divided into 3layers,0-30 cm soil layer was the active change layer of soil water and the obvious increase layer of soil reserving water,30-80 cm soil layer was the subordinate active change layer of soil water and the significant increase layer of soil reserving water,80-100 cm soil layer was the relative steady change layer of soil water and the relative general increase layer of soil reserving water,furthermore,mulching cultivation could impel the crop consuming water conversion into effective crop rising consuming water from useless evaporation consuming water,and the availability of farmland water was promoted clearly.