肥料袋控缓释对桃树土壤酶活性及植株生长的影响

Effects of Bag-controlled Release Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and the Growth of Plant for Peach Trees

为探明袋控缓释肥对土壤酶活性的影响,以一年生‘夏红/毛桃’(Amygdalus persica Linn.)为试材,研究了沟施普通肥料和袋控缓释肥对盆栽桃树土壤酶活性、养分状况及植株生长的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理显著提高了土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和过化氢氧酶活性;桃树生长前期袋控缓释处理土壤酶活性低于普通肥料处理,中后期袋控缓释处理土壤酶活性显著高于普通肥料处理。不同施肥处理提高了土壤养分含量,桃树生长前期,袋控缓释肥处理土壤有效养分低于普通肥料,但中后期始终高于普通肥料;可见袋控缓释肥处理可以在桃树整个生长季提供稳定的养分供应,维持较高的有效养分含量。土壤酶活性与土壤肥力之间有很好的相关性,其中土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均与碱解氮含量呈显著正相关;过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性与速效磷含量呈显著正相关;过氧化氢酶活性与速效钾含量呈显著正相关。不同施肥处理提高了桃树叶片中全氮、全磷和全钾的含量,袋控缓释处理效果优于普通肥料处理。袋控缓释处理桃树叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著高于普通肥料和对照。袋控缓释肥处理桃树新梢生长量低于普通肥料处理,但干周粗度高于普通肥料处理,袋控缓释肥处理桃树生长健壮。不同施用量处理均以60g/棵效果较好。可见,袋控缓释肥处理能够保证养分的稳定供应,有效提高土壤酶活性,利于植株生长发育,且以60g/棵的施肥量效果较好。

In order to prove up the effects of bag-controlled release fertilizer on soil enzyme activities,one-year-old peach trees‘xia hong/wild peach＇（Amygdalus persica Linn.）were used to explore the effects of furrow ordinary fertilizer and bag-controlled release fertilizer on soil enzyme activities,soil nutrient condition and growth of plant.The results indicated that：All the fertilization treatments improved the activities of soil invertase,urease,acid phosphatase,protease and catalase significantly.At the early stage of the peach tree growth,the soil enzyme activities of bag-controlled release fertilizer were lower than that of ordinary fertilizer.But after that,the enzyme activities of bag-controlled release fertilizer were significantly higher than that of the ordinary fertilizer.All the fertilization treatments improved the soil nutrient content.At the early stage of the peach tree growth,the soil nutrient content of bag-controlled release fertilizer was lower than that of ordinary fertilizer.But after that,the soil nutrient content of bag-controlled release fertilizer was higher than that of ordinary fertilizer.This proved,throughout the growing season,the bag-controlled release fertilizer provided nutrients steadily and incessancily.Significant correlations existed between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content,all soil enzyme activities and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content were significantly positive correlation.Catalase,sucrase and available phosphorus content were significantly positive correlation.Catalase was significantly positive correlation with rapidly-available potassium.All the processings of fertilizer enhanced the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassiumcontent in peach leaves.Furthermore,the promotion effect of bag-controlled release fertilizer was better than ordinary fertilizer.Compared with ordinary fertilizer and CK,bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment increased chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves significantly.New shoot increment of the bag-controlled release fertilizer was lower but stems were thicker than ordinary fertilizer.Among all the fertilizer treatments,the effect of 60g/tree was the best.The results suggested that,bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment was beneficial to ensure a steady supply of nutrients,improve of soil enzyme activities and the growth of peach trees.Among all the fertilizer treatments,the effect of 60g/tree was the best.