对比与强调——谈陈述句中的语气副词“可”

Contrast and Emphasis:An Essay on the Modal Adverb Ke in Declarative Sentences

副词"可"是对外汉语教学中的难点,主要因为我们对其语义内涵缺乏全面准确的认识。为了揭示副词"可"的核心语义,本文以电视连续剧《渴望》前20集为主要语料,对出现在各种语境中的"可"字陈述句进行考察和归纳性研究。结果表明,用于陈述句中的语气副词"可"的核心语义不是单一的,它总是在标示"对比"(即不同)的同时表示强调,它所强调的是所述内容的"事实性"。

The data-oriented empirical research on the Chinese adverb ke （可）discussed in this article has led to a conclusion that the semantics of the word as a modal adverb is always two-fold： it marks both ＂contrast＂ and ＂emphasis＂. ＂Adversativity＂ as used in literature on ke is just one of the different types of contrast marked by ke. In declarative sentences, ke can also be used to indicate the following types of contrast： a） the contrast between what is assumed by the hearer and what the truth of a matter is; b） the contrast between what the sentence literally talks about and what it also implicitly conveys; and c） the contrast between the original wishful nature of the stated action and its final realization. In short, in all declarative sentences, what the adverb emphasizes is the factuality of what is stated.