融合速度和方向信息的船舶位置高精度预报

High-precision Prediction of Ships Including Speed and Orientation

船舶位置信息的准确性和实时性是其导航避碰的重要依据,传统自动识别系统(automatic identification system,AIS)获取的船舶位置信息存在精度不足和动态信息滞后等缺点,制约了导航预警的性能。基于AIS采集数据,分别解码出船舶位置、速度和航向信息,采用静态试验测试其精度,结果发现位置精度波动较大,速度和航向精度较为稳定。提出利用船舶当前位置、速度和航向计算下一时刻船舶位置,与AIS实测位置比较,检验定位信息是否含有粗差,提高船舶定位的精度;将船舶位置信息、速度信息和航向信息作为观测值,建立统一的多类观测值高阶多项式模型,预报船舶下一时刻位置,实现船舶位置的实时获取。结果表明,当剔除位置粗差时,预报精度可达1m。

Veracity and instantaneity when identifying a vessel＇s position are the main factors for safe navigation. Information obtained through the traditional automatic identification system（AIS） is im- precise and hysteretic, which restricts early warning capacities. The main purpose of this paper is to solve two problems. First, we test the precision of locating a ship＇s position, speed, and orientation from AIS and find that position precision fluctuates while speed and orientation precision are stable for an epoch. We propose that the position of next epoch can be calculated by the position, speed, and o- rientation of present epoch. So, we can compare the calculated results with observation results, and e- liminate gross errors. Second, we combine position, speed, and orientation and establish a high-order polynomial to predict the position of ship at the next epoch, which can meet the need for real-time ac- quisition of dynamic information. Results show that if there is no gross error, the precision of predic- tion can reach 1 m.