安太堡露天矿植被恢复过程中土壤生态肥力评价

Evaluation on Soil Ecologic Fertility during Vegetation Succession in Antaibao Open Pit

平朔安太堡露天矿位于山西省西北部,地处黄土高原生态脆弱区,采煤造成了土地的严重损毁及植被的无存。自1989年以来,在平朔安太堡露天矿采煤废弃地开展土地复垦与生态重建工作已有20余年,现已形成2000hm2不同复垦模式的人工生态林。对安太堡露天矿复垦地不同植被恢复模式土壤理化性质、酶活性和微生物区系进行分析和土壤生态肥力评价,为人工诱导和支持下的生态脆弱矿区采煤废弃地的生态恢复重建提供类比试验数据。结果表明:不同植被恢复模式中土壤理化性质、酶活性和微生物区系存在明显差异,通过主成分分析对各植被恢复模式的土壤肥力进行了综合评价,油松—刺槐混交林土壤肥力最高,人工植被恢复显著地改善了土壤生态环境,促进了土壤养分的提高。

Antaibao open pit of Pingshuo is located in the northwest of Shanxi Province,where ecological environment is fragile on the Loess Plateau.Coal mining brought about more serious soil erosion and vegetation degradation.Ecological reclamation has been carried out since 1989 in Antaibao open pit,and there are 2000 acres with different models of artificial ecological reclamation.To provide scientific information for ecological reclamation under the fragile condition,soil physicochemical properties,enzymatic activity and microbe in different restoration patterns were tested in the Antaibao open pit.The results showed that there were significant effects on soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and microbe of vegetation types.The soil total fertility including physicochemical properties,enzyme actives and microbial characteristics were analyzed by principal component analysis.The results demonstrated that the highest soil fertility was in P.tabuliformis-R.pseudoacacia mixed forests.The reforestation would promote soil development and improve soil quality.