榆神府矿区土地利用变化及合理性分析

Land Use Changes and Its Rationality Evaluation in the Yushenfu Mining Area

土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)是全球变化的重要组成部分和驱动因素,也是土地资源合理利用和区域可持续发展的关键问题。在对3期土地利用信息提取的基础上,结合地形数据,运用土地利用变化动态度、合理度、土地利用程度对榆神府矿区土地利用时空演变特征及其合理程度进行了分析。结果表明:1990—2006年榆神府矿区土地利用变化速率加快,土地利用程度明显减弱,且减少最快的为耕地,增加最快的为建设用地和工矿用地;总体上研究区土地利用变化合理度较低,属低度合理,与1990—2000年相比,2000—2006年的土地利用变化合理度降低了2.85%,其中耕地和林地变化的合理性明显降低,而草地、水域、建设用地和未利用土地变化的合理性都有不同程度的提高,工矿用地变化不大。生态退耕政策的实施对土地利用变化过程产生了明显的影响,土地利用发生了由发展期到衰退期的转变。在未来的土地利用规划和政策实施上,既要控制退耕的合理规模,更要加大对林草植被的保护力度以及采取措施使退耕的坡耕地及时恢复林草植被。

Land use/cover change is the important and primary causes of global environment change and core question of reasonable land use and sustainable development.Yushenfu mining area is an important energy chemical industry base and an extremely vulnerable area as well in China.The TM images in 1990 and 2006,and ETM＋images in 2000 were taken as underlying data resources.Combining with land use change quantity analytical method and GIS and RS technology,the authors analyzed land use changes and their rational degrees in the Yushenfu mining area from 1990 to 2006by adopting the land use dynamics,land use degree and rational degree of land use changes.The results showed that change rate of land use varied faster and land use degree was lower in Yushenfu mining area compared with other region,and the fastest decline occurred in farmland while the fastest increasing land was used as urban construction and industrial land.In the two study periods,rational degree of land use changes has decreased by 2.85%,and the most reasonable land use changes were unutilized land while the most unreasonable lands were cultivated land and water area.Meanwhile,the RDs of farmland and woodland had decreased by 2.91% and 8.7%,respectively.On the contrary,the RDs of grass land,water area,urban construction and unutilized land had increased by18.77%,22.73%,34.87% and 12.93%,respectively.The RD of industrial land had the smallest change.Implementing the policy of returning cultivated land to forestland had obvious influence on the process of land use change,which caused land use phase to change from development to the recession.Therefore,with respect to land use planning and policy implementation in the future,the key task is not only to determine the reasonable scale of the returning farmland to forestland,but also strengthen the vegetation protection and take measures to change abandoned farmland into vegetation cover as soon as possible.