岩溶山区林地景观梯度变化分析

Analysis on Gradient Characteristic of Woodland Landscape Change in Karst Mountains

运用景观生态学的理论与方法,以贵州省麻江县为研究区,分析了1992年和2012年两个时期的林地景观的地形梯度变化规律。结果表明:(1)研究期间,各林地景观的类型面积、斑块数、斑块密度、各景观类型的面积比重、平均斑块面积以及斑块形状指数都随坡度和海拔梯度带的变化而变化。在坡度大和海拔高区域林地景观破碎度降低,景观格局趋于简单,而坡度小和海拔低的区域林地景观破碎度增大,景观格局趋于复杂。(2)坡度小和海拔低区域的连通性指数和聚集度指数呈下降趋势,而分离度指数呈上升趋势,反映出该区域林地景观分布趋于分散,聚集度和连通性减低。坡度大和海拔高区域的连通性指数和聚集度指数呈上升趋势,而分离度指数呈下降趋势,反映出该梯度带林地景观分布趋于集中,聚集度和连通性提高。

Majiang County of Guizhou Province was taken as the study area.This paper analyzed the change of woodland landscape in topographic gradient by using the theory and method of landscape ecology from 1992 to 2012.The results showed that：（1）CA,NP,PD,PLAND,AREA-MN and LSI of woodland changed with the slope and altitudinal gradient zone changed during the study period;landscape fragmentation of woodland reduced and landscape pattern became simpler at high altitude and steep slope areas,landscape fragmentation of woodland increased and landscape pattern became complex at low altitude and gentle slope areas;（2）COHESION and AI showed a downward trend at low altitude and gentle slope areas,while SPILT showed the upward trend,which reflected that landscape distribution of woodland tended to scattered and the aggregation and connectivity tended to decrease,COHESION and AI showed the upward trend at high altitude and steep slope areas,while SPILT showed the downward trend,which reflected that landscape distribution of woodland tended to concentrate and the aggregation and connectivity tended to increase.