孔子生年月日考论

On the Birthday of Confucius

孔子生年问题是完全有条件研究清楚的。孔子当生于鲁襄公二十一年,"鲁襄公二十二年而孔子生"一方面系由实岁与虚岁转换所致误,另一方面系由周正与夏正转换所致误。司马贞《史记索隐》所谓孔子生于鲁襄公二十二年盖以周正十一月属明年之说当正确,司马贞所见之《史记·孔子世家》后序孔子卒云七十二岁与今本异实际上暴露了实岁与虚岁转换是确定孔子生年之关键问题之一。孔子生于夏历八月二十一日或二十七日皆不可信。一言以蔽之,孔子当生于鲁襄公二十一年夏历十二月二十三日。唯有如此才合情合理,才不至于有失圣人之体面。

There are many conditions enough to make clear or ascertain the birthday of Confucius which is lunar calendarhad23 rd December which was mistaken as lunar calendarhad 21 st or 27 th August of Duke Lu Xiang 21 year（B.C.552）which was mistaken as Duke Lu Xiang 22 year（B.C.551）on the one hand because of the mistake of real Age translated to nominal Age,on the other hand,because of the mistake of Zhou calendar translaed to lunar calendar.