对“族群客家”与“文化客家”的再认识

Recognition of "Ethnic Hakka" and "Hakka Culture"

客家研究已逾百年,经历了晚清、民国与共和国三个时期。近30年来客家研究取得了突出成绩,不仅发现了许多新资料,而且提出了许多新见解和新观点,呈现出百家争鸣的新局面。但由于客家研究总的来说还处于建构和探索阶段,在众说纷纭中难免会有似新而旧、似真而伪的情况存在,这应该说都是正常的。"族群"一词是西方学者研究人类学、民族学经常使用的词语,由于对其含义理解不一,加之将其引入客家研究出现泛化,故已造成了学理的某些混乱。大陆只有客家、客家民系而无"客家族群",研究客家问题应继续使用"民系"一词较妥。客家的形成有其历史过程,避开宗族、血缘而将其简单地归结为文化的命题是不恰当的,也是不符合历史与现实的。

The research on Hakka has lasted for a hundred years and has experienced three periods： the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and the People＇ s Republic of china. The research on Hakka has made outstanding achievements in recent 30 years, during which not only lots of new information has been discovered, but also many new ideas and new perspectives have been brought out, showing a new situation in the contention of a hundred schools of thought. However, because the research on Hakka in general is still at the stage of construction and ex- ploration, contradictory opinions have inevitably appeared among divergent comments, of which some seem to be new and others old, some true and others false, and this should be regarded as a normality. The phrase ＂ethnic group＂ is an expression used by the western scholars on anthropology and ethnics, and because of different understanding of its connotation, there has appeared a kind of generalization since the introduction of this phrase into the research on Hakka and has caused some confusion in the scientific principle. Hakka and Hakka people only exist in and live on our mainland, and there cannot be any ＂Hakka ethnic group＂, and the study of Hakka issues should continue to use the proper term ＂people＂. The formation of Hakka has its historical process, avoiding the clan, blood and simply attributing to the proposition of culture is not appropriate and it is not in line with the history and reality.