论土司地区贡赋变化对农业生产结构的影响——以播州土司改土归流前后为视野

On the Influence of Change of Tribute in the Tusi Region upon the Structure of Agricultural Production——From the Perspective of Before-and-after-gaituguiliu Policy

历史上播州土司区涉及今遵义全境、黔南州北部、黔东南州西北部等地,面积约5万平方公里。境内生态背景多样,土特产品甚多。故播州土司时期上缴给朝廷的贡赋类型多,差异大,对当地原生的农业生产结构冲击不大,生态环境良好。万历改土归流后,随着贡赋形式的变化,特别是随着单一粮食税额的加大,诱发了当地多元的农业生产结构逐渐向单一的固定垦殖农业发展,无意中诱发了播州土司区的生态环境变迁。

The Tusi region of Bozhou, with an erea of fifty thousand square kilometers, included the whole Zunyi district, the northern part of Qiannan prefecture, the north-western part of Qiandongnan prefecture, etc. There are many kinds of ecology and lots of local specialities; therefore, the tributes to the court are legion, having no impact upon the structure of the local agricultural production and the ecological environment is good. However, after the Gaituguiliu policy in the reign of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, the change of tribute,esp., the increase of the grain tax leads to the change of structure of agricultural production from diversity to monotonocity, which causes the ecological change in this region.