江西省15～69岁居民吸烟现状分析

Investigation of smoking prevalence in residents(15-69 years old) of Jiangxi province

目的了解江西省15-69岁居民吸烟现状,为制定干预策略提供参考。方法采用三阶段随机整群抽样方法,在江西省随机抽取5个县和5个区中60个行政村或居委会作为调查现场,利用KISH码在被调查的家庭中选择15-69岁居民2 135人作为调查对象,收回有效问卷2 084份。结果江西省15-69岁居民吸烟率为24.86%,男性（49.02%）高于女性（1.51%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=629.5,P〈0.05）;农村居民吸烟率（28.09%）高于城市（21.51%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=12.08,P〈0.05）;吸烟率随着年龄的增加而呈升高趋势,45-64岁组最高;从文化程度来看,前3位依次为初中（27.57%）、高中（25.94%）和小学及以下（22.96%）;职业前3位为工人（44.72%）、行政干部（35.92%）和农民（25.67%）。现在常吸烟者开始每天都吸烟的平均年龄为（22.6±6.1）岁,有59.95%的现在常吸烟者养成每天都吸烟习惯的年龄小于25岁。吸烟者以吸机制卷烟为主（93.03%）,每天吸烟量平均为（18.2±8.7）支。91.40%的吸烟者认为卷烟价格上涨会影响其吸烟行为。吸烟者中尝试戒烟率为17.76%,20.08%的吸烟者准备戒烟。被动吸烟率为33.89%。69.86%的被调查者认为吸烟会造成严重疾病,55.97%的被动吸烟者认为吸入二手烟会使人患上严重疾病。结论江西省吸烟者平均每天吸烟量较大,农村地区烟草流行较城市严重,男性和青少年为干预的主要目标人群,应根据其流行特点,采取有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the smoking prevalence of residents（15-69 years old） in Jiangxi province and to provide the base for developing prevention tactics. Methods The three stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 135residents（15-69 years old） from 60 towns or streets of 5 counties and 5 districts in Jiangxi province as the subjects. Results The smoking rate was 24.86% in 2 135 subjects, the smoking rate（49.02%） in the males was significantly higher than that（1.51%） in the females（P0.05）, and smoking rate（28.09%） in the rural residents was significantly higher than that（21.51%） in the urban residents（ P 0. 05）. The smoking rate increased with the age, the smoking rate in 45-64 years old group was the highest.According to education levels, the smoking rates in subjects with middle school education, high school education and primary school education were 27.57%, 25.94% and 22.96%, respectively. On the basis of jobs, the smoking rates in workers,administrative staff and farmers were 44.72%, 35.92% and 25.67%, respectively. The average age of starting-daily smoking in the smokers was（22.6±6.1） years old, 59.95% of smokers was 〈25years old when smokers started daily smoking, and 93.03% of smokers were smoking cigarettes, average daily smoking amount was（18.2±8.7） pieces, 91.40% of smokers believed that cigarette price increase could influence the smoking behavior. Among smokers, the rate of smoking cessation attempt was 17.76%, 20.08%of smokers will quit smoking. The passive smoking rate was 33.89%, 69.86% of subjects believed that smoking could cause severe diseases, 55.97% of passive smokers knew that the second hand smoking could cause serious illness. Conclusion The amount of daily smoking is much more in Jiangxi province. The smoking prevalence in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas. The males and adolescent are main population for intervention. Intervention measures should be taken according to the character of residents smoking.