高原作训部队军人作业能力现场评估分析

Site assessment and analysis of military operation ability of plateau training troops

目的探讨高原作训对进驻高原军人作业能力的影响,评估进驻高原部队战斗力真实情况,为进驻高原部队战斗力的有效提高提供科学依据。方法依据标准,对进驻高原部队(2个月)、常驻高原部队(1年)和常驻平原部队3种类型部队军人的高原习服程度、体力作业能力(最大摄氧量、PWC170)和脑力作业能力(数字广度、数字译码、目标追踪、视觉反应时)进行测量评价。结果进驻高原部队高原习服程度达基本习服程度;3类部队的有氧能力均在标准规定的中等水平,平原部队的最大摄氧量大于常驻高原部队(P<0.01),常驻高原部队的大于进驻高原部队的(P<0.01);与平原部队比较,进驻高原部队最大摄氧量下降25.7%,PWC170下降27.7%。与平原部队比较,进驻高原部队和常驻高原部队的数字广度、数字译码和目标追踪均属正常,没有明显降低;但进驻高原部队的视觉反应时延长(P<0.01),常驻高原部队的目标追踪成绩较进驻高原部队降低(P<0.05)。结论促习服措施和高原作训虽然可促进驻部队高原习服形成,但不能克服高原低氧对体能的客观不利影响,2个月的高原作训措施没有起到提升部队体能的功效。为此,应特别重视进驻高原部队在高原环境下体能训练科学性、有效性的研究。

Objective To investigate the effect of plateau training on military operation ability,evaluate the real situation of combat forces on the plateau,and to provide data for effectively improving the combat effectiveness of the army stationed on the plateau. Methods According to the standards,the levels of high altitude acclimatization,physical work capacity（ VO2 max,PWC170） and mental work capacity（ digit span,digit symbol,pursuit aiming and visual reaction time）were measured to assess the military operation ability of plateau training troops,including troops that entered the plateau from the plain（ plateau-entering troops）,troops stationed on the plateau（ plateau troops） and troops stationed in the plain（ plain troops）. Results The troops on the plateau all reached basic acclimatization. The aerobic capacities of these three types of troops were of the standard medium level,and the maximum oxygen uptake（ VO2max） of the plain troops was greater than that of that of plateau-entering troops（ P 〈0. 01）,and the VO2 max of the plateau troops was greater than that of plateau-entering troops（ P 〈0. 01）. Compared with the plain troops,the VO2 max and PWC170 of the plateau-entering troops decreased by 25. 7% and 27. 7% respectively. There was no significant difference in the digit span,digit symbol,pursuit aiming between these 3 kinds of troops,but the visual response of the plateau-entering troops was prolonged（ P 〈0. 01）,while the pursuit aiming of the plateau troops was lower than that of the plateau-entering troops（ P 〈0. 05）.Conclusion Acclimatization-promoting measures and plateau training can contribute to high altitude acclimatization formation,but cannot overcome the objective adverse effects of the plateau on physical fitness. Two months of plateau training fails to improve physical fitness. Therefore,special attention should be paid to the research on scientific and effective measures to improve physical fitness on the plateau.