急进高原高海拔地区高原反应发生情况分析及紧急献血可行性初步探讨

Feasibility of emergency blood collection among people after acute exposure to high altitude

目的调查185名从平原急进高原地区人员高原反应发生情况,以及海拔约4600 m地区试验性紧急献血人员健康状况,为高原高海拔地区紧急采血的实施提供科学依据。方法依照GJB1098-1991《急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则》测定不同海拔高度高原反应变化,填写调查表,分析海拔约3600 m和4600 m环境下高原反应发生情况以及海拔4600 m地区献血者紧急献血前后身体健康状况。结果不同海拔高度高原反应发生率变化不明显,但高海拔地区中重度高原反应发生率明显增加;航空机动模式（2~5 h）和铁路机动模式（6~9 d）入藏人员高原反应发生率基本一致,分别为70.00%和74.40%;健康者紧急献血后未发生献血反应和高原反应。结论高原海拔4600 m地区在一定条件下可以开展紧急献血,但仍需加大样本量继续进行深入研究。

Objective To investigate the incidence of altitude reaction among people who rapidly ascend to high altitude and the health status of experimental emergency blood donors after ascending to high-altitude areas above 4600 meters. Methods The vital signs of 185 subjects were analyzed according to GJB1098-1991 and questionaires were filled out. Then the incidence of altitude reaction in different-altitude areas and the change in health status before and after blood donation at high-altitude were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of altitude reaction in areas of different altitude. However,the incidence of moderate and severe altitude stress increased significantly. The similar altitude reaction incidence despire different means of transportation（ 74. 40% by railway and 70. 00% by air） suggested that the mode of transportation had little effect. And our results showed good health status among emergency blood donors before and after donation. Conclusion Emergency blood collection is feasible at high altitude（ more than 4600 meter high）.