日本汽车“整零”关系模式及其对中国汽车产业的启示

The "Complete Vehicle and Parts" Cooperation Pattern of Japanese Auto Industry and Its Implications

日本汽车产业不但推动了日本国内相关产业的协同发展,而且在全球汽车产业中占据优势地位,之所以如此,与其先进的"整零"关系模式是分不开的。日本汽车产业"整零"关系是供应商承担"一揽子委托",组织体系呈金字塔式,整车企业通过多种形式对下游供应商进行渗透,资产专用性投资程度很高,其效果是:形成规模经济,减少内部成本;达成知识共享,促进产能提高;实现双向提升,增进关系稳固。我国汽车产业"整零"关系具有诸多局限性,应借鉴日本经验,处理好整车企业与零部件供应商之间的关系,形成"战略-利益"共同体,使汽车产业的"整零"关系进入一个良性循环,从而促进我国整个汽车产业的高速、高质发展。

Japanese auto industry which keeps a dominant position in the world has promoted the coordinated development of its national multi-sectors by the ＂Complete Vehicle and Parts＂ cooperation pattern.The ＂Complete Vehicle and Parts＂ pattern is a ＂package commissioned＂ of supplier.The organizational system of Japanese auto industry showed the pyramid-style,and the automobile companies penetrate downstream suppliers through various forms.This pattern could lead to many good results,such as economies of scale and decreased internal costs,knowledge sharing and improved production capacity,and bidirectional upgrade,etc.The ＂Complete Vehicle and Parts＂ cooperation in China＇s automobile industry has many limitations,so it is necessary for China to learn from Japan＇s experience and handle the relationship between car companies and suppliers,to make Chinese enterprises＇ ＂Complete Vehicle and Parts＂ cooperation enter a virtuous circle,thus contributing to development of China＇s entire automotive industry with high-speed and high-quality.