新疆杏品种授粉特性研究

A Study on the Pollination Characteristics of Xinjiang Local Apricot Varieties

采用人工点授法进行田间授粉试验,调查50个新疆杏品种的自然授粉结实能力以及自交亲和性,比较主栽品种轮台白杏与其他49个杏品种间正反交亲和性。结果表明,50个新疆杏品种自然坐果率平均值为6.5%,巴都玉吕克最高,为24.6%。赛买提、乔儿胖、黑叶杏、晚熟胡安娜、洛浦洪德克及特尔湾玉吕克自交坐果率在6.5%~19.1%,表现为自交亲和,其余44个品种自交坐果率为0%~4.5%,表现为自交不亲和。异花授粉中,以轮台白杏为母本的各正交组合坐果率平均值为25.7%,仅阿里瓦拉与轮台白杏不亲和,其余品种授粉轮台白杏坐果率在8.6%~53.6%,其中卡巴克胡安娜为父本坐果率最高。49个反交组合平均坐果率为6.1%,其中33个品种与轮台白杏反交不亲和,19个反交组合坐果率较自然授粉有所提高,轮台白杏授粉后树上干坐果率较高,达26.0%。分析结果表明,新疆杏品种授粉亲和性因品种、授粉方式而异,自然授粉坐果率普遍较低,多数自交不亲和,轮台白杏与其他品种间正反交坐果差异较大,存在反交不亲和现象。

The artificial spot pollen method was adopted in the field for pollination test,the fruiting ability of natural pollination and the self-compatibility of 50 Xinjiang local apricot varieties were investigated,and the reciprocal cross compatibility between Luntaibaixing which was the main cultivars in Xinjiang and other 49 apricot varieties were compared. Results showed that the average value of natural setting fruit percentage of 50 Xinjiang local apricot varieties was 6. 5%,Baduyulüke owned the highest natural setting fruit percentage,accounting for 24. 6%. The self setting fruit percentage of Saimaiti,Qiaoerpang,Heiyexing,Wanshuhuanna,and Teerwanyulüke were Self-compatibility,and were ranged from 6. 5% to 19. 1%,and the self setting fruit percentage of other 44 apricot varieties were ranged from 0% to 4. 5%. In cross pollination,Luntaibaixing as female the average setting fruit percentage of orthogonal combinations was 25. 7%,as male parent,just Aliwala was incompatibility cross with Luntaibaixing,Luntaibaixing pollinated by other varieties the setting fruit percentage were from 8. 6% to 53. 6%,and Kabakehuanna as male parent,the setting fruit percentage was higher than others. While pollinated by Luntaibaixing,the average setting fruit percentage of 49 back cross combinations was 6. 1%,among which the setting fruit percentage of33 apricot varieties and Luntaixing reverse-cross incompatibility, 19 reverse-cross combinations were higher than that of natural pollination,the setting fruit percentage of Luntaibaixing,accounting for 2 6. 0 %. The result showed that setting fruit percentage of pollination compatibility,pollination methods of Xinjiang apricot varieties and natural pollination were generally lower,because most of them were self-incompatibility,there were great differences of positive and reverse-cross setting fruit percentage between Luntaibaixing and other varieties,among which there were reverse-cross incompatibility.