近代云南民众的鸦片种植与吸食探析

Analysis of Modern People's Opium Planting and Smoking in Yunnan

近代,鸦片在云南的种植面积不一,时而低迷,时而高涨,呈现出此起彼伏的四阶段走势,诸多因素影响其中,但行政机构对鸦片的态度和政策最为关键。种植的普遍性使得鸦片吸食蔚然成风,出现瘾民遍及各行各业、农民构成主力军、男性多于女性、由社会上层向下层民众蔓延等特征。吸食鸦片人数甚众由多方因素造成,既与当时的交际应酬及整个社会风气有关,也与个体因素有关,综合起来,便造成了吸食之风的大行其道。

There were four stages of opium planting area in modern Yunnan.Many factors influenced the opium planting,among which the government＇s policy and attitude were very important.The universal planting contributed greatly to the popularity of people＇s opium smoking,in which the smoker＇s were in all walks including the peasants being the main part,more male smokers than female smokers and the smoking was characterized by the expansion to the lower class.The number of opium smokers was made up by many features including the social exchange and atmosphere at that time and individual factors,which resulted in the popularity of opium smoking.