中国能源消费碳足迹的动态变化研究

Dynamic changes of carbon footprint for energy consumption in China

为了研究温室气体排放过量造成的污染问题,国内外学者开始使用碳足迹作为低碳研究的重要工具,尝试从新角度来量化能源消费碳排放的影响。研究能源消费碳足迹在环境保护和治理方面蕴含的潜力不容忽视。研究能源消费的碳足迹,有利于控制温室气体的排放,降低温室效应带来的环境问题。利用IPCC公布的《国家温室气体排放清单指南》中碳排放的计算方法,定量研究2000—2011年中国能源消费的碳足迹数值,并针对近年碳足迹呈现的变化趋势,详细分析能源消费的碳足迹构成、人均碳足迹、碳足迹强度以及碳足迹生态压力等4个方面动态变化。研究表明:目前干部考评机制有待完善、能源消费结构不甚合理、能源观念相对落后、产业结构不合理和生态环境恶化等是中国碳足迹升高的主要原因,并在此基础上提出,需要从完善生态效益指标角度的干部考核评价体系;改善能源结构、减少高污染和高排放的能源消费量;改变生产和生活中的传统习惯和观念;调整产业结构,大力发展节能产业;增加绿地面积,优化生态环境等方面入手,降低中国能源消费碳足迹。

In order to study the pollution problem caused by excessive greenhouse gas emissions,domestic and foreign scholars have begun to use carbon footprint as an important tool for low carbon research,so as to affect carbon emissions of energy consumption from a new perspective. To study on the carbon footprint of energy consumption has potential function in environmental protection and governance. In recent years,greenhouse gas emissions exacerbate the greenhouse effect,which become one of the vital environmental issues. As a large developing country,it is vital for China to study the carbon footprint of the energy consumption,is conducive to control greenhouse gas emissions,reduce environmental problems caused by greenhouse effect. Based on the calculation method of IPCC,Chinese carbon footprint of energy consumption in 2000—2010 has been studied. According to the trends of Chinese carbon footprint in recent years,a detailed analysis of dynamic change in four indexes,such as energy consumption carbon footprint,per capita carbon footprint,carbon footprint intensity and Ecological Pressure Intensity of Carbon Footprint have been provided. It shows that unsound current cadre evaluation mechanism,undesirable energy consumption structure,relatively backward energy ideology,irrational industrial structure and the deteriorated ecological environment are main reasons for carbon dioxide emissions footprint in China.Countermeasures have been provided to reduce the carbon footprint of China＇s energy consumption including improving the cadre assessment system of ecological efficiency indicators,changing the energy structure,reducing the high pollution,high energy consumption emissions,changing in daily ideas,adjusting the industrial structure,vigorously developing energy-saving industries,increasing the green area,optimizing ecological environment etc.