语言反映意识形态——从社会功能视角分析英语新闻语篇

Language as the Reflection of Ideology An Analysis of News Discourse from Social Functional Perspective

批评性话语分析把语言看作一种社会实践,认为语篇语言是语篇生成者和接受者之间权利关系的反映,能揭示社会中被"自然化"了的不平等关系。本文采用Fairclough语篇分析法,以西方媒体对中国神舟五号成功发射事件的报道为例,对一些充满意识形态的新闻文本进行批评性话语分析。首先,根据Halliday系统功能语法对新闻语篇的语言特征进行描述,然后联系语篇与语篇参与者之间的关系分析语篇的生成过程;最后联系相关的历史和社会背景说明社会因素与语篇之间的相互作用。通过本文研究不难发现,语言和意识的关系是双向的,即语言和语言的使用反映意识形态;语言及其使用又作用于意识形态。

Critical discourse analysis（ CDA） regards language as a social practice,a reflection of the power relationship between text producer and receiver. It provides a new perspective for the discourse analysis by revealing the unequal relationship that is naturalized in the text,shedding light on social linguistics and discourse analysis. Using the news of Shenzhou 5——China＇s first successful launch of manned spaceship as the subject of study,this paper gives a critical discourse analysis on the ideologyembedded news in Fairclough＇s three-dimensional framework. It adopts Halliday＇s systemic-functional grammar as the tool to describe text of the news,and then turns to social background to explain the production of the news text and the correlation between social factors and language features. From this essay,it＇s easy to reach the conclusion that the relationship between language and ideology is dialectic： the use of language reflects ideology on the one hand and acts upon ideology on the other hand.