环境胁迫下雌雄异株植物的性别响应差异及竞争关系

Sex-specific responses to environmental stresses and sexual competition of dioecious plants

雌雄异株植物是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分之一,对物种多样性的保护和维持生态系统的稳定性有着积极的作用.当前,由于人类干扰加剧导致的环境恶化严重影响了植物个体、种群、群落和生态系统的结构和功能.本文综述了国内外关于干旱、养分缺乏、重金属、盐胁迫以及全球气候变化等环境胁迫下雌雄异株植物的性别响应差异,性别竞争与促进作用,性别竞争下雌雄异株植物识别和适应机制,性别竞争与性别空间分异以及环境胁迫对性别竞争的影响等的研究进展.多数研究显示雌雄植株对环境胁迫表现出显著的性别响应差异,雄株对环境胁迫有更好的耐受性和适应能力.但是,雌雄性别竞争关系的研究还相对不足,环境胁迫下雌雄竞争规律及机制还无定论.未来应该加强多种环境胁迫交互下雌雄异株植物性别响应差异及性别竞争关系的研究.

Dioecious plants play an important role in maintaining terrestrial ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation. So far, environmental degradations caused by human disturbance seriously affect the structures and functions of plant individual, population, community and ecological system. This article summarizes recent study progress on sex-related response differences of dioecious plants under environmental stresses including drought, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal, salt and climate change. Moreover, the interaction of sexual competition and facilitation, the mechanisms of discrimination and adaptation strategy under sexual competition, the interaction of sexual competition and sexual spatial segregation, as well as the effect of environmental stress on sexual competition in dioecious plants are also summarized in the paper. Currently, many studies indicate that males possess better resistant and adaptive abilities than females under environmental stresses. However, the sexual competition of dioecious plants and the effect of competition on the eco-physiological responses to environmental stress have been rarely studied. The rules and mechanisms of sexual competitions under environmental stresses have not been determined. Finally, the research prospect and focus of dioecious plants are also discussed. The research on sex-related differences and competition of dioecious plants under multi-environmental stresses should be intensified in the future.