人工湿地植物净化生活污水效果研究

Research on Purification Efficiency of Plants Removal From Constructed Wetland in the Domestic Sewage

通过模拟垂直流人工湿地污水系统,研究了湿地植物鸢尾（Iris pseudacorus）、菖蒲（Acorus calamus）、茭白（Zizania aquatica）和芦苇（Phragmites australis）对生活污水总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH4＋-N）、硝氮（NO2--N）、生物耗氧量（BOD5）和化学耗氧量（CODCr）的去除效果。结果表明：4种植物对各种污染物的净化效果存在一定的差异,其净化效果基本表现为鸢尾〉菖蒲〉芦苇〉茭白;4种植物对BOD5、CODCr、TP和TN的去除效果明显高于对NH4＋-N和NO2--N的去除效果,鸢尾、菖蒲和芦苇对BOD5、CODCr、TP、TN、NH4＋-N和NO2--N去除率明显高于茭白;各种植物的总生物量为555.7~1 899.1g/m2,除了鸢尾地上地下生物量比（A/U）小于1,其它比值均大于1;4种植物地上部分N和P的浓度高于地下部分,平均N、P积累量分别为11.38g/m2和0.98g/m2,地上部分N、P平均积累量分别占61.31%和73.13%。相关性分析表明,湿地植物N、P积累量与浓度和生物量均存在显著线性关系（P〈0.05）,生物量可作为筛选适合人工湿地植物的指标。

Four kinds of wetland plants, including Iris pseudacorus , Acorus calamus, Zizania aquatica and Phragmites australis were selected to study the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, ammonia nitrogen （NH4 ＋ - N）, nitrate nitrogen （NO~ - N）, biological oxygen consumption （BODa） and chemical oxygen consumption （CODe.r） in domestic sewage by the vertical flow wetland. The results showed that the purification efficiency of four kinds of wetland plants were different which showed that Iris pseudacorus〉Acorus calamus〉Phragmites australis〉Zizania aquatica. The purification efficiency to BOD5, CODer, TP and TN of four kinds of wetland plants were higher than the NH4 ＋ -N and NO2--N purification efficiency, and the purification efficiency to all these index of Iris pseudacorus ,Acorus calamus and Phragmites australis were higher than Zizania aquatica. Total biomass of different plants were from 555. 7 g/m2 to 1 899. 1 g/m2. Ratios of most plant biomass aboveground （A/U） varied between 1 and 2,except for Iris pseudacorus （0. 66）. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus of aboveground biomass was hinger than belowground biomass, while the average plant accumulations of nitrogen and phosphorus were 11. 38 g/m2 and 0. 98 g/m2, which the aboveground accounted for 61.31% and 73.13%. Correlation analysis showed that plant accumulations of nitrogen and phosphorus displayed significantly positive linear correlation with plant biomass and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus （P 〈 0. 05）, and biomass could be used as an indicators to screening appropriate artificial wetland plants.