从PISA看中美基础教育差异——美国全国教育与经济研究中心(NCEE)主任Marc Tucker专访

Look at the Difference of Basic Education between China and America from PISA——a Special Visit to Marc Tucker,Director of National Center on Education and the Economy (NCEE)

针对上海取得PISA2009测评全球排名第一引发的世界热议,美国重要智库"全国教育与经济研究中心(National Center on Education and the Economy,NCEE)"出版的《超越上海:美国应该如何建设世界顶尖的教育系统》一书,研究了上海、芬兰等五个被认为是教育最成功的国家和地区,并对其成功经验做了详细的分析与解读,在美国乃至中国教育界引起较大反响。2013年12月,经合组织公布了PISA2012的成绩,上海再次排名全球第一。那么,作为曾经深刻研究过上海PISA2009的NCEE是如何看待这一次的成绩,又是如何看待上海基础教育发展以及中美差异的呢?日前,美国全国教育与经济研究中心(NCEE)主任Marc Tucker及其同事来到上海考察基础教育的发展经验,本刊特约记者就一系列问题对其进行了交流访问。美国全国教育与经济研究中心于1988年在华盛顿D.C.建立,是一个非营利性的政策分析组织,也是美国的重要智库之一。该机构致力于研究世界上最优秀的教育体制,关注这些教育体系如何注资、运行和管理,揭示他们的成功秘诀。组织宗旨为:为美国教育而研究世界经济发展趋势,基于研究结果提出美国教育的改革建议,并寻找通过政策手段和教育资源的分配来实现目标的切入点。

Shanghai＇s top ranking in PISA 2009 Test has incurred hot discussion or debate in the world. American influential think-tank National Center on Education and the Economy （NCEE） published a book “Beyond Shanghai： How to Build the World＇s Top American Education System”,studying Shanghai, Finland and other five countries and regions regarded as having the most successful education, and giving interpretation and analysis in detail of their successful experiences. The book has caused great repercussion in American and Chinese education circle.In December 2013, OECD announced PISA 2012 score and Shanghai once again ranked first in the world. What comment would NCEE make on Shanghai achievement in PISA2012, what understanding would they have of its basic education, and what difference would they think between Chinese and American education？ The correspondent of this Journal has recently had a special conversation with Marc Tucker, Director of NCEE,to discuss a series of issues involved.