台州电子垃圾循环区域母乳中多氯联苯的污染现状

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk from two major electronic waste (e-waste) recycling areas in Taizhou,China

本文对浙江省台州市路桥和温岭两个电子垃圾循环区域母乳中多氯联苯(PCBs)污染现状进行了研究.路桥本地人群(n=16)、温岭本地人群(n=27)及在台州居住不足5年的外地人群(n=9)母乳中PCBs的中值浓度分别为195 ng·g-1脂重(lw)、138 ng·g-1lw和59.1 ng·g-1lw.路桥和温岭人群母乳中PCBs浓度显著高于在台州居住不足5年的外地人群(P<0.001),也远高于浙江省及中国背景区域水平.CB-118、CB-153和CB-138是台州母乳中最主要的3种同类物,与台州膳食样本中PCBs的指纹特征类似.路桥本地人群婴儿通过饮用母乳日摄入的PCBs量(EDI)(1024 ng·kg-1bw·d-1)略高于加拿大卫生部建议的成人对PCBs日耐受量(1000 ng·kg-1bw·d-1),温岭本地人群乳儿的EDI值(491 ng·kg-1bw·d-1)远高于我国12个省市EDI的均值(54.6 ng·kg-1bw·d-1),表明台州本地人群母乳喂养的婴儿处于较高的PCBs暴露风险中.母乳中PCBs浓度与母亲年龄、孕前体重指数、产次和婴儿的体重及性别无显著相关性.

The levels of PCBs in breast milk of volunteer mothers from two typical e-waste recycling areas（ Luqiao and Wenling） in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province were examined. The median concentrations of total PCBs found in human milk of mothers from Luqiao（ n = 16） and Wenling（ n=27）,and of mothers（ n = 9） who have resided in Taizhou for less than 5 years,were195 ng·g^-1lipid weight（ lw）,138 ng·g^-1 lw and 59. 1 ng·g^-1 lw,respectively. PCBs levels in human milk of mothers from Luqiao and Wenling were significantly higher than those of mothers whose residential time in Taizhou 〈5 years（ P〈0.001）,and they were also well above the background levels of Zhejiang Province and China. In this study,CB-118,CB-153 and CB-138 were the three most abundant PCBs congeners,which was similar to the congener profiles of PCBs in the foodstuffs collected from Taizhou. Estimated daily intake（ EDI） of PCBs for nursing infants from Luqiao was slightly over the tolerable daily intake（ TDI） of PCBs for adults recommended by Health Canada,Environmental Health Directorate,and EDI of PCBs for infants from Wenling was much higher than the average level of twelve provinces /cities in China,suggesting a high exposure risk of infants to PCBs in these two areas. PCBs levels were insignificantly correlated with the maternal age,pre-pregnant body mass index（ BMI）,parity and infant weight and gender.